Abstract
The Philippines lies within the area of greatest Musa diversity and banana is considered as one of the most important fruit crop in the country. There are more than 400,000 hectares of land devoted for banana farming in the country, with an annual fruit production of more than nine (9) million metric tons. The National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory (NPGRL) in UP Los Baños, Laguna, and the Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of Agriculture (BPI-DA) in Davao City have been identified as key institutions in conserving the national as well as regional banana collections. NPGRL currently holds a total of 320 Musa accessions comprising 216 edible banana and 104 accessions of wild Musa and related species. Edible bananas are classified as pure A (AA, AAA, AAAA), pure B (BB/BBB), or a hybrid combination of A and B (AB, AAB, ABB, AAAB, ABBB). In terms of wild Musa and related species, a big percentage of the collections belong to M. balbisiana, and the rest are other related wild and ornamental Musa species. Conservation strategies include maintenance in the field gene bank, in vitro, and seeds (wild Musa). Majority of the germplasm collections are conserved in the field gene bank but these are constantly exposed to biotic (pest and diseases) and abiotic (typhoon, drought, etc.) stresses. Some accessions are conserved in vitro as a backup conservation strategy in case some of the field collections are lost or infected with viruses. The challenges for in vitro conservation include cost, specialized skills of staff, and the possibility of somaclonal variations of the stored Musa germplasm. The seeds of a few wild species are dried and kept in low-temperature storage.
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Gueco, L.S., Tejano, M.S., Yanos, L.A., Descalsota, M.L.V., Descalsota, J.C., Sotto, R.C. (2022). Conservation of Musa Diversity and Germplasm Management at the National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory in the Philippines. In: Ramamoorthy, S., Buot, I.J., Chandrasekaran, R. (eds) Plant Genetic Resources, Inventory, Collection and Conservation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7699-4_11
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