Abstract
Although commuters spend a small proportion of their time in vehicles, transport microenvironments (TME) are a significant contributor to their total daily air pollution exposure, thereby affecting the citizens’ health and well-being. The vehicle interior is a specific environment of small volume, affected by traffic-related air pollutants, and by the emissions from a variety of building materials, some of them harmful to the human health. The aim of this chapter is to identify the key factors affecting the exposure in TME. It identifies the principal pollutants influencing the air quality inside vehicle cabins, discusses advantages and disadvantages of the main measuring and modelling approaches used to assess these pollutants, and presents control measures. It is difficult to compare and rank the exposures experienced in buses, cars, motorcycles, trams, trains, subways, cycling, or walking. The exposure varies considerably within and between the different modes of transport, due to disparities in the measurement protocols, vehicle characteristics, ventilation settings, road typology, atmospheric conditions, temporal variations, and user habits. Considering public health, efforts should be made to prioritize active travel, optimize vehicle ventilation and filtration, avoid heavily trafficked roads and rush hours, and maintain indoor cabin hygiene. The information in this chapter can contribute to develop transport and planning policies in urban areas.
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Acknowledgments
This study was developed in the scope of the project ExpoLIS funded by FEDER, through Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-032088), and by national funds (OE), through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. (PTDC/EAM-AMB/32088/2017). Authors also acknowledge the support of FCT through the strategic project UIDB/04349/2020+UIDP/04349/2020 and the contract CEECIND/04228/2018.
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Almeida, S.M., Martins, V. (2022). Exposure to Air Pollutants in Ground Transport Microenvironments. In: Zhang, Y., Hopke, P.K., Mandin, C. (eds) Handbook of Indoor Air Quality. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7680-2_75
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