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Estimation of Blue Carbon Stock of Mangrove Ecosystem and Its Dynamics in Relation to Hydrogeomorphic Settings and Land Use-land Cover

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Mangroves: Ecology, Biodiversity and Management

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Abstract

This chapter reviews blue carbon stock of different mangrove ecosystems across globe through published literature. It also tries to evaluate its dynamics with different land use and land cover changes. The study reveals that mangroves have a high potential to store carbon compared to other terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. Indian Sundarbans stores 160–360 tC/ha based on salinity and vegetation types. The emission of carbon from the degradation of above-ground biomass in Indian Sundarbans was 427,242 tons between 1975 and 2013. Deforestation of Bangladesh Sundarbans causes loss of 8500, 1800, 670, 290, 133, and 104 hectares of mangroves along Chakaria, Naf river estuary and offshore Island, Naf river, Maiskhali Island, Jaliardwip Island, and Matabar Island, respectively. There is a rapid decline in plantations (-58.2%), mangrove swamps (-49.3%), and mangrove forests (-21.3%) during 2000–2017 due to their conversion to aquaculture farms in Bangladesh. Along Indian coastlines, Andhra Pradesh is the most affected area and shows significant decrease in paddy fields due to their conversion to aquaculture farms between 1980–81 and 2000–01. It also indicates massive increase in shrimp production from 1990-2017. Bangladesh shows a dramatic rise in shrimp production from 56,569 to 75,274 tons from 2010-2011 to 2014-2015. Destruction of mangroves releases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and can reverse mangroves’ role from a sink to source. Since aquaculture farming helps in high revenue generation but negatively affects the coastal ecosystem, it is essential to maintain a balance. Hence Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) has been introduced along with mangrove forest restoration, and REDD+.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Karuna Rao & AL. Ramanathan

  2. Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India

    Prabhat Ranjan

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research in Environment Division, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India

    Rajesh P. Rastogi

  2. CS-I (Mangroves & Coral Reef) Division, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India

    Mahendra Phulwaria

  3. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India

    Dharmendra K. Gupta

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Rao, K., Ranjan, P., Ramanathan, A. (2021). Estimation of Blue Carbon Stock of Mangrove Ecosystem and Its Dynamics in Relation to Hydrogeomorphic Settings and Land Use-land Cover. In: Rastogi, R.P., Phulwaria, M., Gupta, D.K. (eds) Mangroves: Ecology, Biodiversity and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2494-0_8

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