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Experimental Investigation of Unmodified Diesel Engine on Performance, Combustion and Emission with Various Proportions of Jatropha Biofuel in Diesel

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Alternative Fuels and Advanced Combustion Techniques as Sustainable Solutions for Internal Combustion Engines

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

The demand for fossil fuel and its price is rising every year, and hence, the dominant fuel source, i.e., petroleum-based fuel, is depleting at a faster rate leading to harmful pollution. The usage of vegetable oil eradicates these two drawbacks as fuel. But the main disadvantage of vegetable oil is low performance and combustion characteristics due to its higher value of viscosity. The main objective of this research is to reduce the vegetable oil viscosity by the transesterification process and to blend with diesel oil and to study its fuel properties, performance, combustion and emissions characteristics in detail. Here, Jatropha oil is experimented as fuel due to its availability in plenty. The Jatropha biofuel is blended with diesel in various proportions (J20, J40, J60, J80 & J100) by the transesterification process. An experimental study was conducted with fuel samples in an unmodified single-cylinder compression ignition engine. From the experimental information, it was observed that brake thermal efficiency decreased while brake specific fuel consumption increased as the proportion of Jatropha increased in biodiesel. However, biodiesel blend J20 had a higher brake thermal efficiency of 31.1% at 80% load conditions, and it was closer to that of diesel, which is 32.5%. Jatropha blend had a closer combustion characteristic such as heat release rate and rate of pressure rise to diesel oil. Most of the primary exhaust pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, were comparatively lower for Jatropha oil, but an increase in NOx and smoke opacity was observed. However, blend J20 had value comparable with diesel. The outcome of the experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission on Jatropha biodiesel indicated that J20 could be the best alternative fuel as it gave better efficiency and emissions similar to those of diesel, then it could be directly used in CI engine without any modification.

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Abbreviations

ASTM:

American Society for Testing Materials

CI:

Compression ignition

CO:

Carbon monoxide

HC:

Hydrocarbon

CO2:

Carbon dioxide

NOx:

Oxides of nitrogen

HRR:

Heat release rate

J20:

20% transesterified Jatropha oil and 80% diesel in volume

J40:

40% transesterified Jatropha oil and 60% diesel in volume

J60:

60% transesterified Jatropha oil and 40% diesel in volume

J80:

80% transesterified Jatropha oil and 20% diesel in volume

J100:

100% volume of transesterified Jatropha oil in volume

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to convey their heartfelt thanks to Dr. S. Saravanan, Principal, CK College of Engineering and Technology, Cuddalore, for encouraging this research work and to the authorities of Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, for their support.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors announce that they have no recognized competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have seemed to influence the work described in this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Dhinesh Balasubramanian

  2. Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

    Dhinesh Balasubramanian

  3. Center for Alternative Energy Research and Development, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

    Dhinesh Balasubramanian

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, CK College of Engineering and Technology, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Amudhan Rajarajan & Ramalingam Krishnamoorthy

  5. School of Transportation Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tran Dang Quoc

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Akhilendra Pratap Singh

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dhananjay Kumar

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Avinash Kumar Agarwal

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Balasubramanian, D., Rajarajan, A., Krishnamoorthy, R., Quoc, T.D. (2021). Experimental Investigation of Unmodified Diesel Engine on Performance, Combustion and Emission with Various Proportions of Jatropha Biofuel in Diesel. In: Singh, A.P., Kumar, D., Agarwal, A.K. (eds) Alternative Fuels and Advanced Combustion Techniques as Sustainable Solutions for Internal Combustion Engines. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1513-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1513-9_7

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