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Accumulation of Uremic Toxins in Systemic Organs and the Effect of AST-120

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Uremic Toxins and Organ Failure

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Abstract

Kidney disease progresses to end-stage renal failure (ESRD) and requires hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation. Recently, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of kidney disease have changed drastically against the background of changes in lifestyle-related diseases and an aging society. Moreover, it was found that minor renal dysfunction, albuminuria, and proteinuria were associated with stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular disease, before reaching ESRD. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as continuous renal damage, or reduction of renal function over a period of more than 3 months. Age-related renal function decline and lifestyle-related diseases are strongly involved in the progression of CKD. Many clinical studies in Japan and overseas have reported that CKD increases the risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. Uremic toxins are closely associated with the development of these complications. This chapter reviews organ damage caused by uremic toxins accumulated in systemic organs and the ameliorating effect of oral adsorbent AST-120.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to acknowledge the assistance of the staff at the Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. We acknowledge the Tohoku University Center for Gender Equality Promotion (TUMUG) Support Project for support of the Research support staff. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.

Finally, the author acknowledges all collaborators of the studies reviewed herein. This work was supported by Grants-In-Aid from the Japan Society of the Promotion of Science (19K08669).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan

    Emiko Sato

  2. Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

    Emiko Sato

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Correspondence to Emiko Sato .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    Hideyuki Saito

  2. Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

    Takaaki Abe

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Sato, E. (2020). Accumulation of Uremic Toxins in Systemic Organs and the Effect of AST-120. In: Saito, H., Abe, T. (eds) Uremic Toxins and Organ Failure. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7793-2_11

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