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Silvopasture Options for Enhanced Biological Productivity of Degraded Pasture/Grazing Lands: An Overview

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Agroforestry for Degraded Landscapes

Abstract

Grazing lands in different regions of the world have become very fragile and unsustainable due to unbalanced utilization, resulting in large-scale degradation. The primary cause of degradation is the demographic pressure on land, leading to loss of vegetative cover through deforestation and overgrazing. About 60% of the world’s agricultural land is grazing land, supporting about 360 million cattle and over 600 million sheep and goats. Many of the world’s grazing areas are threatened with degradation, especially in the semi-arid and subhumid zones. For an estimated 100 million people in arid areas, and probably a similar number in other zones, grazing livestock is the only possible source of livelihood; therefore, the management of grazing lands needs priority not only for livelihood security of millions of poor people but also for the environmental security. There are sufficient evidences which prove that even simple protection from grazing or by control grazing can result in a significant increase in production, greater tree regeneration, erosion control and amelioration of soil in terms of increase in organic carbon, nutrients and biological activity. The various approaches for managing the grazing lands include control grazing or complete fencing, judicious application of fertilizers, introduction of legume components, optimizing harvest schedules, moisture conservation, fodder farming under old plantations, use of improved productive varieties of grasses and legumes for fodder production and retaining or introducing nitrogen-fixing trees. Protection of existing trees on grazing lands and introduction of nitrogen-fixing trees constitute a sustainable and productive silvopastoral system. Multipurpose tree species can also be adopted in degraded grazing lands with poor vegetation cover or by developing location-specific silvopastoral models. This chapter describes the status of grazing lands and approaches to improve their productivity and develop sustainable silvopastoral agroforestry systems.

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  1. Natural Resource Management Division, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  2. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  3. Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

    Sharda Rani Gupta

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  1. Natural Resource Management Division, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  2. Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

    Sharda Rani Gupta

  3. Department of Range and Forest Resources, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN), Gaborone, Botswana

    Demel Teketay

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Dagar, J.C., Gupta, S.R. (2020). Silvopasture Options for Enhanced Biological Productivity of Degraded Pasture/Grazing Lands: An Overview. In: Dagar, J.C., Gupta, S.R., Teketay, D. (eds) Agroforestry for Degraded Landscapes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6807-7_6

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