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Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles: Classical and Modern Approaches

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Role of Exosomes in Biological Communication Systems

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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny membrane vesicles containing detailed cellular information. Recently, researchers have been focusing on EVs due to their role in intercellular communication, and prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic usage in medical purposes. In this chapter, we summarize the available technologies for EV characterization and describe their limitations and potential. Moreover, we highlight the emerging technologies with their development.

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Abbreviations

AF4:

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AKI:

Kidney injury

CCD:

Coupling system

cryo-EM:

Cryogenic electron microscopy

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

DUC:

Differential ultracentrifugation

EM:

Electron microscopy

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

FC:

Flow cytometry

FCS:

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

FIC:

Fluorescence imaging system

Fl-NTA:

Emitted fluorescence

IFC:

Image flow cytometer

LSPRi:

Localized SPR imaging

LTRS:

Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy

MISEV:

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

MVBs:

Multivesicular bodies

NTA:

Nanoparticle tracking analysis

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PCS:

Photon-correlation spectroscopy

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PMT:

Photomultiplier tube

Sc-NTA:

Scattered light

SEA:

Fluorescent microscopic analysis

SEC:

Size-exclusion chromatography

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SERS:

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Sp-IRIS:

Single-particle IRIS

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

SPT:

Single-particle tracking

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TRPS:

Tunable pulse resistive sensing

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Deanship of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Damanhour University for their technical support.

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

    Ahmed E. Noreldin

  2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Asmaa F. Khafaga

  3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt

    Rasha A. Barakat

Authors
  1. Ahmed E. Noreldin
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  2. Asmaa F. Khafaga
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  3. Rasha A. Barakat
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Correspondence to Ahmed E. Noreldin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, ESC Research Unit, Faculty of Science King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Faisal A. Alzahrani

  2. Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Islam M. Saadeldin

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Noreldin, A.E., Khafaga, A.F., Barakat, R.A. (2021). Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles: Classical and Modern Approaches. In: Alzahrani, F.A., Saadeldin, I.M. (eds) Role of Exosomes in Biological Communication Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6599-1_1

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