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Biomolecules Immobilized Nanomaterials and Their Biological Applications

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Nanomaterial - Based Biomedical Applications in Molecular Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapy

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Abstract

Biomolecules are the key factors for most of the biological processes. Immobilization is an impressive technique which is used to stabilize free biomolecules in solution. Immobilized biomolecules are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes. The main objective of the immobilization of biomolecules, namely., enzymes, is to enhance the economics of biocatalysis processes. Additionally, immobilization improves many properties of enzymes such as performance in organic solvents, pH tolerance, heat stability, and functional stability. More importantly, the heterogeneity of the immobilized biomolecule systems allows an easy recovery of both biomolecules and products, multiple reuse, continuous operation of enzymatic processes, rapid termination of reactions, and greater variety of bioreactor designs. This chapter presents an overview of the recent literature reports for biomolecule immobilization on nanomaterial surfaces by various techniques. It also demonstrates the need for immobilization and different applications at various platform.

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Abbreviations

AMP:

Antimicrobial peptide

AuNPs:

Gold nanoparticles

CLE:

Cross-linking enzymes

CLEAs:

Cross-linked enzyme aggregations

dsDNA:

Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid

EDC:

Ethyl (dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide

FRET:

Förster resonance energy transfer

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

MCH:

6-mercato-1-hexanol

MNPs:

Magnetic nanoparticles

MWCNTs:

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes

NHS:

N-hydroxysuccinimide

NMs:

Nanomaterials

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

R & D:

Research and development

SI-ATRP:

Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization

ssDNA:

Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid

SWCNTs:

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Director, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT) for his constant support and encouragement. AA acknowledges financial assistance in the form of project grant MLP-0201 from CSIR and GAP-0214 (EMR/2016/003027) from Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India. AKS and MV acknowledge CSIR-GATE, and DST, Government of India for their respective fellowships. The CSIR-IHBT communication number of this manuscript is 4504.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India

    Ashish K. Shukla, Mohini Verma & Amitabha Acharya

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, India

    Ashish K. Shukla, Mohini Verma & Amitabha Acharya

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  1. Ashish K. Shukla
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  2. Mohini Verma
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Correspondence to Amitabha Acharya .

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  1. Biotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Amitabha Acharya

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Shukla, A.K., Verma, M., Acharya, A. (2020). Biomolecules Immobilized Nanomaterials and Their Biological Applications. In: Acharya, A. (eds) Nanomaterial - Based Biomedical Applications in Molecular Imaging, Diagnostics and Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4280-0_5

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