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Nitrate-Rich Red Spinach Extract Supplementation Increases Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels and Enhances High-Intensity Exercise Tolerance in Humans

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Enhancing Health and Sports Performance by Design (MoHE 2019)

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Abstract

Acute and chronic administration of dietary inorganic nitrate source, such as beetroot, can promote Nitric Oxide (NO) production via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway and improves exercise performance. However, whether NO3− rich red spinach extract (RSE) could prominently elicits similar effects remains unclear. The current study therefore evaluated the effects of chronic (15-day) NO3− rich RSE supplementation on resting blood pressure (BP) breath NO production and high-intensity exercise tolerance. Eleven healthy males were randomly allocated in a double-blind, crossover trial design to receive 15-day of red spinach extract (RSE; 4 g·day−1 containing ~6 mmol of NO3−) and placebo (maltodextrin), with a washout period of not less than 7 days separating each trial. On day 15 of supplementation, participants completed a resting fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) measurement prior to an exhaustive high intensity exercise. The systolic BP were significantly lowered, and FeNO levels were higher (p < 0.05; p < 0.001), following RSE trial (124 ± 3 mmHg; 41 ± 14 ppb), compared to the PRE (129  ± 4; 21  ± 5 ppb) and PLA treatment (128 ± 4 mmHg; 21 ± 6 ppb), respectively. The time-to-exhaustion (TTE) in the high-intensity exercise increased during the RSE (764  ± 221 s) compared the placebo (642  ± 198 s) (p = 0.024). These findings suggest chronic dietary NO3− supplementation from red spinach source reduces BP and demonstrated to be a practical ergogenic intervention, partly through improving nitric oxide bioavailability.

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Acknowledgement

This research was funded by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2018/WAB13/UITM/03/1), Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia

    Adam Linoby, Mohd Nurthaqif, Muhamad Noor Mohamed, Maisarah Mohd Saleh, Yusandra Md Yusoff, Noor Azila Azreen Md Radzi, Siti Aishah Abd Rahman & Saidatul Nur Syuhadah Mohamed Sabadri

  2. Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK

    Adam Linoby

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan

  2. Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed

  3. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Nur Fahriza Mohd Ali

  4. Centre for Community Education & Wellbeing, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Denise Koh Choon Lian

  5. Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Kok Lian Yee

  6. School of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nik Shanita Safii

  7. Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia

    Sarina Md Yusof

  8. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi

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Linoby, A. et al. (2020). Nitrate-Rich Red Spinach Extract Supplementation Increases Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels and Enhances High-Intensity Exercise Tolerance in Humans. In: Hassan, M., et al. Enhancing Health and Sports Performance by Design. MoHE 2019. Lecture Notes in Bioengineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3270-2_43

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3270-2_43

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