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Ecophysiological Responses of Plants Under Metal/Metalloid Toxicity

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Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I

Abstract

Heavy metal/metalloid (HM) contamination issues are becoming progressively more widespread worldwide, which are witnessed in various locations like foundries, mining industries, smelters, vehicular emissions, coal burning power plants, and agricultural sectors. Heavy metal/metalloid occurs naturally in the Earth’s crust, but man-made sources and various industrial activities have led to severe environmental contamination globally. In the present era, accumulation of HMs in agricultural land is of prime concern as it possesses negative consequences on safety of food and its marketability, productivity, and health of soil organisms. Plants cultivated in HM-contaminated sites reveal reduced photosynthesis, mineral nutrients, biomass production, vegetative growth, altered metabolic activities, and higher accumulation of metal(s). Heavy metal/metalloid toxicity causes a redox imbalance and induces the enhancement in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, when ROS reach above threshold level, an imbalance in intracellular content of it incurs, thus resulting in oxidative condition. Plants respond to such intensified concentration of HM in the natural environment by invigorating various defense responses such as sequestration of HM into vacuoles, metal chelation, control over uptake of metals ions through their carriers, and amplification of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense mechanisms. These responses inferred by flora are the outcomes of complex signaling cascades functioning in the plant cells so as to mediate the extracellular stimuli into an intracellular response. This section of the book reveals outlook associated with HM phytotoxicity ranging from metal uptake and its transportation, distribution, homeostasis, toxicity at cellular level, and signaling pathway. Our main intent is to highlight predominantly on the mechanisms of HM-instigated oxidative stress-related responses of plants and to unreveal signal transduction mechanism(s) under HM stress.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for awarding Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship [No. F1-17.1/2014-15/RGNF-2014-15-ST-CHH-86720, dated February, 2015] to Roseline Xalxo, and Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, for awarding INSPIRE fellowship [DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2013/791, dated 17.01.2014] to Vibhuti Chandrakar. Authors are also grateful to Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi, for financial support through DST-FIST scheme (Sanction No. 2384/IFD/2014-15, dated 31.07.2014) and National Center for Natural Resources [IR/SO/LU/0008/ 2011, dated 03.07.2012].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India

    Roseline Xalxo, Vibhuti Chandrakar & S. Keshavkant

  2. Directorate of International Cooperation, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi, India

    Meetul Kumar

  3. National Center for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India

    S. Keshavkant

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  1. Roseline Xalxo
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  2. Vibhuti Chandrakar
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  3. Meetul Kumar
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  4. S. Keshavkant
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  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Xalxo, R., Chandrakar, V., Kumar, M., Keshavkant, S. (2020). Ecophysiological Responses of Plants Under Metal/Metalloid Toxicity. In: Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2156-0_14

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