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Multilocus Genetic Characterization of Phytoplasmas

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Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - III

Abstract

Classification of phytoplasmas into 16S ribosomal groups and subgroups and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species designation have been primarily based on the conserved 16S rRNA gene. However, distinctions among closely related ‘Ca. Phytoplasma’ species and strains based on 16S rRNA gene alone have limitations imposed by the high degree of rRNA nucleotide sequence conservation across diverse phytoplasma lineages and by the presence in a phytoplasma genome of two, sometimes sequence heterogeneous, copies of this gene. Thus, in recent years, moderately conserved genes have been used as additional genetic markers with the aim to enhance the resolving power in delineating distinct phytoplasma strains among members of some 16S ribosomal subgroups. The present chapter is divided in two parts: the first part describes the non-ribosomal single-copy genes less conserved (housekeeping genes) such as ribosomal protein (rp), secY, secA, rpoB, tuf, and groEL genes, which have been extensively used for differentiation across the majority of phytoplasmas; the second part describes the differentiation of phytoplasmas in the diverse ribosomal groups using multiple genes including housekeeping genes and variable genes encoding surface proteins.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Marta Martini

  2. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Fabio Quaglino

  3. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Assunta Bertaccini

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  1. Marta Martini
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  2. Fabio Quaglino
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  3. Assunta Bertaccini
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  1. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Assunta Bertaccini

  2. Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

    Kenro Oshima

  3. Department of Integrative Infection Biology Crops-Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Michael Kube

  4. Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Govind Pratap Rao

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Martini, M., Quaglino, F., Bertaccini, A. (2019). Multilocus Genetic Characterization of Phytoplasmas. In: Bertaccini, A., Oshima, K., Kube, M., Rao, G. (eds) Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - III. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9632-8_9

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