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Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystems in China

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Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China

Abstract

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition, mainly driven by reactive N emissions from agricultural and industrial activities, has been enhanced dramatically in China. The enhancement of N deposition has aroused increasing concerns about its effects on ecosystem health and function. Forest covers more than one fifth of the national land area in China and provides fundamental ecosystem services. There have been emerging experimental, observational and modelling efforts to assess the impacts of N deposition on forest ecosystems since the 2000s. Here we summarized these research progresses with a focus on the effects of N deposition on soil chemistry and N transformation, soil microorganisms and enzymes, plant physiology, biodiversity and ecosystem carbon (C) balance. Experimental results and modelling estimates generally indicate a fertilization effect of N deposition on forest growth and consequent C sequestration. However, high-level N deposition has been increasingly evidenced to cause N leaching, soil acidification, nutrient imbalance, increased N2O emissions and decreased soil CH4 uptake, which likely offset the positive effect on ecosystem C storage over time. Meanwhile, N deposition has changed both species composition and richness of plant and soil microbial communities, consequently altering C and nutrient cycling. Moreover, the effects of N deposition are likely non-linear with N doses, and thus the assessment on the threshold values for N deposition would have important implications for N emission regulation and forest management options. We conclude that elevated N deposition is altering ecosystem structure and function of China’s forests, especially in the eastern and southern regions. In addition, we highlight research efforts to jointly consider multiple abiotic factors (e.g. climate warming, CO2 enrichment, drought and increase in surface ozone) and biotic factors (e.g. insect outbreaks and invasive species), when evaluating ecological impacts of N deposition in the future.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

    Enzai Du

  2. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China

    Xiankai Lu, Qinggong Mao & Cong Wang

  3. College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China

    Di Tian

  4. Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China

    Di Tian

  5. Rubenstein School of Environmental and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA

    Xin Jing

  6. Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA

    Xin Jing

  7. School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

    Nan Xia

Authors
  1. Enzai Du
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  2. Xiankai Lu
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  3. Di Tian
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  4. Qinggong Mao
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  5. Xin Jing
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  6. Cong Wang
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  7. Nan Xia
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Enzai Du or Xiankai Lu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

    Xuejun Liu

  2. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

    Enzai Du

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Du, E. et al. (2020). Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystems in China. In: Liu, X., Du, E. (eds) Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8514-8_9

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