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Diversity of Lichen Photobionts: Their Coevolution and Bioprospecting Potential

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Microbial Diversity in Ecosystem Sustainability and Biotechnological Applications

Abstract

Lichens are the symbiotic association of green algae (phycobiont) or blue-green algae (cyanobiont) with fungus (mycobiont). Lichen-forming fungi consist of about 20,000 species, whereas the known photobionts are only about 156 species from 56 genera. A confounding reason for this disparity in the species richness is that most of the lichenologists are mycologists and their focus is on the mycobionts rather than photobionts. Therefore, mycobionts are comparatively well-characterized while the real diversity of photobionts remain elusive. Diversity and phylogeny of major photobiont lineages described till date are comprehensively covered in this systematic review, along with the data on ecology, patterns of phylogeography, and evolution. Current understanding of photobionts described from the Indian subcontinent is summarized revealing significant knowledge gaps in this field. Given that photobionts have relatively simple morphology and morphological plasticity, the relevance of DNA sequence-based molecular systematics for photobiont characterization is highlighted, and other challenges in photobiont research are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Vice Chancellor, Central University of Punjab, for his administrative help while giving a shape to this review. KCS gratefully acknowledges CSIR, New Delhi, India, for the financial support in the form of JRF. We would like to thank Sanjeeva Nayaka, Lichenology Laboratory CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, for his valuable suggestions. The study was supported by a grant-in-aid from CSIR (No. 60(0114)/17/EMR-II) sanctioned to FB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Biosciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Khem Chand Saini

  2. Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR – National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sanjeeva Nayaka

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Felix Bast

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  3. Felix Bast
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Tulasi Satyanarayana

  2. Division of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India

    Subrata Kumar Das

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Bhavdish Narain Johri

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Saini, K.C., Nayaka, S., Bast, F. (2019). Diversity of Lichen Photobionts: Their Coevolution and Bioprospecting Potential. In: Satyanarayana, T., Das, S., Johri, B. (eds) Microbial Diversity in Ecosystem Sustainability and Biotechnological Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8487-5_13

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