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Taurine Enhances the Protective Actions of Fish Oil Against D-Galactosamine-Induced Metabolic Changes and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Injury in the Rat

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Taurine 11

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1155))

Abstract

This study has evaluated the effects of a supplementation with taurine (TAU) on the actions of fish oil (FO) against the hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia, and hepatic accumulation of lipids and liver damage caused by D-galactosamine (GAL) in the rat. To this end, male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–225 g), in groups of 6, were orally treated with physiological saline (2.5 mL, control group), FO (60 mg/kg), TAU (2.4 mmol/kg) or FO-TAU for three consecutive days and before a single oral dose of GAL (400 mg/kg) given on day 3. In parallel, rats receiving only GAL on day 3 or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 2.4 mmol/kg) for 3 days before GAL served as controls. On day 4 blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and used to either measure glucose (GLC) or to obtain plasma fractions. Immediately thereafter, the livers were excised, made into a homogenate in phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4, and centrifuged to obtain clear supernatant. Plasma samples were assayed for their total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), phospholipids (PLP), free fatty acids (FFA) and total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB) contents, and for the activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The liver homogenates were used to measure TG, CHOL, PLP and total lipids (TL) contents. Without exceptions, GAL was found to markedly affect (p < 0.001) all of the experimental parameters examined, with increases occurring in all instances except for the values of the plasma GLC, TP and PLP which were decreased. A pretreatment with either FO or TAU led to significant attenuation of the effects of GAL and which, in most cases, were of similar magnitude. On the other hand, a combined pretreatment with FO plus TAU usually resulted in a greater protection than with either agent alone (p ≤ 0.05). NAC, serving as a reference treatment, was, in most instances, equipotent with FO alone and. in addition, was the only agent that significantly attenuated the increases in both liver weight and liver weight to body weight ratio caused by GAL.

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Abbreviations

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

CHOL:

Cholesterol

DB:

Direct bilirubin

FFA:

Free fatty acids

FO:

Fish oil

GAL:

Galactosamine

GLC:

Glucose

NAC:

N-acetylcysteine

PLP:

Phospholipids

TAU:

Taurine

TB:

Total bilirubin

TL:

Total lipids

TP:

Total protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Professions, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY, USA

    Yuanjun Shen & Cesar A. Lau-Cam

Authors
  1. Yuanjun Shen
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  2. Cesar A. Lau-Cam
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

    Jianmin Hu

  2. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medicine University, Dalian, Liaoning, China

    Fengyuan Piao

  3. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA

    Stephen W. Schaffer

  4. Department of Biology, Center for Developmental Neuroscience, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA

    Abdeslem El Idrissi

  5. Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA

    Jang-Yen Wu

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Shen, Y., Lau-Cam, C.A. (2019). Taurine Enhances the Protective Actions of Fish Oil Against D-Galactosamine-Induced Metabolic Changes and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Injury in the Rat. In: Hu, J., Piao, F., Schaffer, S., El Idrissi, A., Wu, JY. (eds) Taurine 11. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1155. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_7

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