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In-silico Approach to Target Cancer Cell DNA Repair Pathway

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Phytochemistry: An in-silico and in-vitro Update

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Abstract

DNA repair pathway system involves a set of proteins which function to inverse the DNA damage caused by insults or other factors like replication error and restore normal functioning of the cell. DNA damage by genotoxic agents and its repair is a double-edged sword which is responsible for diseases but currently being exploited for therapeutic purpose. Cancer cells resist therapy due to efficient DNA repair. Exploring proteins involved in the process as well as chromatin remodeling is useful for targeting cancer cells. Scientists have successfully demonstrated PArP inhibitors targeting double strand DNA breaks (due to homologous recombination in BRCA1 and BRCA2 defective tumors) enhance response to therapy. Thus, DNA repair deficiency potentiates anti-cancer therapy and screening of inhibitors against proteins like p53 could help enhance the tumoricidal effect. Phytochemicals have been reported as chemo and radio sensitizers and study of their inhibitory effects against DNA repair pathway proteins could be promising for cancer therapy. In silico screening and docking of such phytochemicals against the DNA repair proteins such as TP53, ATM, MGMT, XRCC1, PCNA and BRCA1/2 genes is a swift method for identifying potent oncolytic compounds. Glabrin and glycyrrhetinic acid from Licorice have been screened as effective inhibitors against BRCA1 gene alongside a compound cimigenol from Black Cohosh. Soy derived isoflavone genistein has shown reactivation of MGMT genes via DNA hypermethylation reversal. In addition to the previously reported studies, we have also implemented the strategy on a target protein (PARP1) with phytochemical databases of interest. The future of this approach seems bright for oncolytic therapy targeting DNA repair pathway.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbiology & Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Azra Yasmin & Naila Safdar

  2. Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Zarrin Basharat

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  1. Azra Yasmin
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Correspondence to Azra Yasmin .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Shashank Kumar

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra, Nigeria

    Chukwuebuka Egbuna

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Yasmin, A., Basharat, Z., Safdar, N. (2019). In-silico Approach to Target Cancer Cell DNA Repair Pathway. In: Kumar, S., Egbuna, C. (eds) Phytochemistry: An in-silico and in-vitro Update. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6920-9_20

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