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Diversity, Functions, and Stress Responses of Soil Microorganisms

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Plant Microbiome: Stress Response

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 5))

Abstract

Plant-associated soil microorganisms colonize the rhizosphere, face many stresses, and play the significant role in the functioning of plants by influencing their growth and metabolism. Microorganisms are beneficial to decompose organic matter, for mineralization, and for the availability of plant nutrients in the soil. They also maintain the soil ecosystem and biogeochemical cycle. The soil microflora and microfauna cause synergistic or antagonistic effects on plants and face various biotic and abiotic stresses in the rhizosphere. Soil microbes make a gene pool involved in microbes-plant interactions. The main categories of soil microorganisms are bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites. The activities of soil microorganisms are influenced by interactions between soil physicochemical properties and environmental conditions. Bacteria are present in all types of soil and play their roles in atmospheric nitrogen fixation. In this review, the stress conditions in the rhizosphere, diversity of microorganisms, and their role in increasing soil fertility have been emphasized. Most of the microflora and microfauna are pathogenic in nature, but their positive interactions into the soil (in the rhizosphere) are very significant. Therefore, review of recent studies on diversity, stresses, and functions of soil microorganisms are described in this article.

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Acknowledgment

I acknowledge Dr. Shalini Srivastava, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, for the suggestions and providing reference materials during the preparation of the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shyam Narain Pandey

  2. Department of Biochemistry, King Georges, Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Murtaza Abid

  3. Department of Botany, Shia P.G. College, Associated with University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mirza Mohammad Abid Ali Khan

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  1. Shyam Narain Pandey
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Correspondence to Mirza Mohammad Abid Ali Khan .

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  1. Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Dilfuza Egamberdieva

  2. Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Parvaiz Ahmad

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© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Pandey, S.N., Abid, M., Abid Ali Khan, M.M. (2018). Diversity, Functions, and Stress Responses of Soil Microorganisms. In: Egamberdieva, D., Ahmad, P. (eds) Plant Microbiome: Stress Response. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 5. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5514-0_1

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