Oxidative Stress: Diagnostic Methods and Application in Medical Science

Dalal, Vikram; Sharma, Narendra Kumar; Biswas, Sagarika

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4711-4_2

Vikram Dalal³,
Narendra Kumar Sharma⁴ &
Sagarika Biswas⁵

557 Accesses
4 Citations

Abstract

Oxidative stress is the disturbance in the balance between production of free radicals (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, organic hyperoxide, etc.) and antioxidant (catalase, superoxide, dismutase, scavengers, etc.) defense system, which can cause several diseases like Asperger syndrome, myocardial infarctions, Alzheimer’s disease, depressions, Parkinson’s disease, autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.), and even cancer. Several techniques like HPLC, GC-MS, GC, HPLC-ECD, electron spin resonance, etc. have been used to detect the specific biomarkers of the oxidative stress. Several compounds like dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR), luminol, etc. can be used to measure the reactive species in cells. Various methods like fluorescence microplate reader, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, etc. have been used to measure the oxidative species from the output of the probes. Several biomarkers like alpha 2 HS glycoprotein (AHSG), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), α-1-β-glycoprotein (A1BG), etc. are highly expressed in the rheumatoid arthritis patients than healthy controls. Several techniques like lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) activity, NADPH oxidase activity, etc. can be used to measure the reactive species in the rheumatoid arthritis.

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Abbreviations

4-HNE:: 4-Hydroxynonenal
8-oxodG:: 8-Oxo-7-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
A1BG:: α-1-β-glycoprotein
AGE:: Advanced glycation end
AGP:: Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
AHSG:: Alpha 2 HS glycoprotein
AOPP:: Advanced oxidation of protein products
AR:: Amplex Red
BMPO:: 5-Tert butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide
CAT:: Catalase activity
CT:: 3-Chlorotyrosine
DAF-2DA:: Diaminofluorescein diacetate
DCF:: Dichlorofluorescein
DCFDA:: Dichlorofluorescein diacetate
DCFH:: Dicholofluorescin
DECPO:: 5,5-Diethylcarbonyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide
DEPMPO:: 5 Diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide
DHR:: Dihydrorhodamine 123
DMPO:: 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide
ELISA:: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EPPN:: N-2-(2-Ethoxycarbonyl-propyl)-a-phenylnitrone
ESR:: Electron spin resonance
GC-MS:: Gas chromatography
GFAP:: Glial fibrillary acidic protein
GSH:: Glutathionine
GSSG:: Oxidized glutathione
H₂O₂ :: Hydrogen peroxide
Hp:: Haptoglobin
HPLC:: High-performance liquid chromatography
IEM:: Immune electron microscopy
IHC:: Immunohistochemistry
INT:: 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride
MAA:: Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde
MALDI:: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
MBL:: Mannose-binding lectin
MDA:: Malondialdehyde
NBT:: Nitroblue tetrazolium
NQO1:: Quinine oxidoreductase 1
NQO2:: Quinine oxidoreductase 2
PBN:: N-tert-butyl-a-phenylnitrone
PC:: Protein carbonyls
PCOOH:: Phosphatidylcholine
PEOOH:: Phosphatidylethanolamine
RA:: Rheumatoid arthritis
ROS:: Reactive oxygen species
RNS:: Reactive nitrogen species
RS:: Reactive species
SLE:: Systemic lupus erythematosus
SOD:: Superoxide dismutase
TAC:: Total antioxidant capacity
TBARS:: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TNF:: Tumor necrosis factor
TTR:: Transthyretin
YFP:: Yellow fluorescent protein

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Authors and Affiliations

Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
Vikram Dalal
Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Narendra Kumar Sharma
Department of Genomics & Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, North Campus, Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India
Sagarika Biswas

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Vikram Dalal
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Narendra Kumar Sharma
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Sagarika Biswas
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Correspondence to Sagarika Biswas .

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Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
Pawan Kumar Maurya
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam, India
Pranjal Chandra

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Dalal, V., Sharma, N.K., Biswas, S. (2017). Oxidative Stress: Diagnostic Methods and Application in Medical Science. In: Maurya, P., Chandra, P. (eds) Oxidative Stress: Diagnostic Methods and Applications in Medical Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4711-4_2

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4711-4_2
Published: 26 October 2017
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
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