Abstract
This chapter discusses how we decided the annotation schemes for predicate-argument and coreference relations in Japanese texts. Japanese is characterised by an extensive use of zero anaphors, which behave like pronouns in English. Furthermore, due to its lack of explicit definite articles (i.e. ‘the’ in English), manually identifying coreference relations is difficult compared to English. We designed our annotation specifications with this in mind, and then built a large scale annotated corpus, which was released as the NAIST Text Corpus. In this chapter, we also present the details of the NAIST Text Corpus by comparing it to other similar corpora such as the Kyoto University Text Corpus (version 4.0) [14] and the Global document annotation (GDA)-tagged Corpus [7].
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
In Japanese, if a topic word/phrase has either subject marker ga or direct object marker o as its particle, the marker is replaced by topic marker wa.
- 3.
http://kagonma.org/tagrin/ (in Japanese).
- 4.
See [13] for more details of the annotation operations adopted in Tagrin and Slate.
- 5.
It causes ambiguities of case slots with regard to some event-nouns. The event-noun hassei (realisation), for example, has two case slots: [rel=hassei, nom=x] and [rel=hassei, nom=x, loc=y]. In general, whether the ni case argument is obligatory or not often depends on these slots rather than the other cases (ga or o) and judgement can be very subjective.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
For the details of tagset used in Kyoto University Text corpus, see http://nlp.ist.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp/nl-resource/corpus/KyotoCorpus4.0/doc/syn_guideline.pdf (in Japanese).
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Iida, R., Komachi, M., Inoue, N., Inui, K., Matsumoto, Y. (2017). NAIST Text Corpus: Annotating Predicate- Argument and Coreference Relations in Japanese. In: Ide, N., Pustejovsky, J. (eds) Handbook of Linguistic Annotation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0881-2_44
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