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Observations and Ray Tracing of Gravity Waves: Implications for Global Modeling

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Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES)

Part of the book series: Springer Atmospheric Sciences ((SPRINGERATMO))

Abstract

Vertical coupling by atmospheric waves is essential for the wind and temperature structure of the middle atmosphere. In particular, momentum carried by atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) governs the global circulation in the mesosphere and is for instance the reason for the cold summer mesopause. However, the small horizontal scales of GWs (tens to thousands of km) are challenging both global modeling and observations from satellite. Further, due to the small scales involved, there is a severe lack of understanding about GWs themselves, as well as dynamical phenomena involving GWs. Until recently, global observations of GWs were sparse and little was known about the global distribution of GWs, as well as their seasonal variation. Therefore, several projects in the priority program Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) have addressed a number of the most pressing problems. Global distributions of GW activity and momentum fluxes have been derived from observations with number of satellite instruments, resulting in the first multi-year global data sets of GW parameters, covering time scales from seasonal variations up to the duration of almost a full 11-year solar cycle. In addition, seasonal and tidal variations of sporadic E layers in the ionosphere were studied in Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation data. Satellite observations of GWs and sporadic E layers were complemented by ground-based observations (radar and low-frequency (LF) drift measurements). All these observations, as well as accompanying modeling activities provided important constraints for GW parameterizations. Further activities addressed important aspects of GW propagation usually neglected in global modeling: GW ray tracing studies revealed the importance of non-vertical propagation of GWs and first steps were undertaken to develop an improved GW parameterization based on GW ray tracing techniques.

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Acknowledgements

Very helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. The projects GW-CODE/FZJ, GW-CODE/GFZ, GW-CODE/LIM, GRAPES, and GW-EXCITES were funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grants no. ER474/1-1, WI2634/2-1, JA836/21-1, PR919/2-1, and ER474/2-1 within the DFG priority program CAWSES (SPP1176).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany

    Manfred Ern, Silvio Kalisch & Peter Preusse

  2. Dept. Geodesy and Remote Sensing, German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Potsdam, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Christina Arras, Antonia Faber, Torsten Schmidt & Jens Wickert

  3. Dept. Climate and Environment, Deutscher Wetterdienst, 63067, Offenbach, Germany

    Kristina Fröhlich

  4. Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Christoph Jacobi

  5. Physics Department, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany

    Marc Krebsbach

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    Franz-Josef Lübken

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Ern, M. et al. (2013). Observations and Ray Tracing of Gravity Waves: Implications for Global Modeling. In: Lübken, FJ. (eds) Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES). Springer Atmospheric Sciences. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4348-9_21

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