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Intestinal Digestion and Absorption

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Bile Acids in Gastroenterology

Abstract

Bile acids are planar amphipathic molecules that have a polar and a nonpolar face. They are the end products of cholesterol metabolism and are called biological detergents. In the duodenum and upper jejunum, they participate in the digestion and absorption of lipids, including triacylglycerols, phospholipids, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins. The formation of mixed micelles is the best-known property of bile acids, and the activation of pancreatic lipases is another important role. Triacylglycerols account for 90–95% of dietary lipids and are hydrolyzed to 2-monoacylglycerol and free fatty acids. Conjugated bile acids and phospholipids form mixed micelles with these hydrolysates of triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins. The mixed micelles effectively pass through the unstirred water layer overlying the microvillus border of the enterocytes, and all of the nutrients except for the conjugated bile acids are finally taken up by the cells. Conjugation of bile acids with glycine or taurine maintains water solubility at an acidic pH and prevents nonionic passive absorption from the proximal small intestine, which allows bile acids to be absorbed efficiently by an active transport system at the terminal ileum after the completion of their roles.

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  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuoh, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan

    Akira Honda, Tadashi Ikegami & Yasushi Matsuzaki

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  2. Tadashi Ikegami
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  3. Yasushi Matsuzaki
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Correspondence to Yasushi Matsuzaki .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan

    Susumu Tazuma

  2. Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Hajime Takikawa

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Honda, A., Ikegami, T., Matsuzaki, Y. (2017). Intestinal Digestion and Absorption. In: Tazuma, S., Takikawa, H. (eds) Bile Acids in Gastroenterology. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56062-3_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56062-3_3

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