Abstract
Sialic acids are abundant acidic sugars decorating the cell surfaces of vertebrates and their close relatives, but rarely found in other taxa – with the striking exception of certain bacterial commensals and pathogens of vertebrates. Siglecs are a family of sialic acid recognizing receptors in mammals that mediate a variety of functions in different biological processes. The CD33-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs) are prominent on immune cells and play a role in distinguishing self and non-self by recognizing sialoglycans as “self-associated molecular patterns.” Some pathogenic microorganisms exploit this self-recognition system by molecular mimicry of ligands or by direct binding, thus averting detection and elimination by the innate immune system. A subset of CD33rSiglecs with cell-activating properties may have evolved to counter such exploitation by pathogens. In keeping with this, some show extreme sequence identity in their binding domains with respective inhibitory counterparts. Human null polymorphisms have been described for some CD33rSiglecs, which may be explained by counteracting evolutionary selective forces imposed by different pathogens. Two CD33rSiglecs appear to have been inactivated in our ancestors, just prior to the origin of the human species. Environmental factors associated with civilization may have also played a role in shaping the genetics and functions of these receptors.
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Angata, T., Varki, A. (2015). Siglec Interactions with Pathogens . In: Taniguchi, N., Endo, T., Hart, G., Seeberger, P., Wong, CH. (eds) Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54841-6_211
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54841-6_211
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