Abstract
Over the last decade, stem/progenitor cell therapy has emerged as an innovative approach to promote cardiac repair and regeneration. However, the therapeutic prospects of are currently limited by inadequate means to regulate cell proliferation, homing, engraftment, and differentiation. Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradation pathway for recycling organelles and protein aggregates, is recognized as important for facilitating cell differentiation. Studies have shown that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPCs), which exhibit a predominantly glycolytic metabolism, shift toward oxidative mitochondrial metabolism as a prerequisite for the formation of sarcomeres and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. C2C12 myoblasts are a mouse-derived myogenic progenitor cell line which can be induced to differentiate into myotubes. We hypothesize that autophagy is essential in coordinating transcription factor activity and metabolic reprogramming of mitochondria to support myocyte differentiation.
You have full access to this open access chapter, Download chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in DMEM (10 % FBS) and induced to differentiate into myotubes with DMEM (2 % horse serum) for 6 days. To disrupt autophagy, cells were (1) transfected with 50 nM Atg5 siRNA for 8 h twice over a 48 h period or (2) treated with 10 nM bafilomycin A1 or vehicle control for a 3 h/day for the first 3 days of differentiation. GFP-LC3 adenovirus was employed to visualize autophagy. Western blot and real-time qPCR were used to examine proteins and transcripts of interest. We observed increased LC3-II levels and GFP-LC3 puncta during the differentiation of C2C12 cells, suggesting the involvement of autophagy in this process. Transient inhibition of autophagy during the early stages of differentiation with either Atg5 siRNA or bafilomycin A1 interfered with myotube formation and attenuated the upregulation of myogenic transcription factors MyoD and myogenin. Differentiation was accompanied by an increase in PGC1α mRNA, mitochondrial mass, and oxygen consumption, all of which were blocked by disruption of autophagy. Autophagy coordinates transcription factor expression and mitochondrial turnover essential for cell differentiation (Fig. 15.1).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 2.5 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the work's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work's Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material.
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hiraumi, Y., Huang, C., Andres, A.M., Xiong, Y., Ramil, J., Gottlieb, R.A. (2016). Myogenic Progenitor Cell Differentiation Is Dependent on Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Autophagy. In: Nakanishi, T., Markwald, R., Baldwin, H., Keller, B., Srivastava, D., Yamagishi, H. (eds) Etiology and Morphogenesis of Congenital Heart Disease. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54628-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54628-3_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54627-6
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54628-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)