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Physiologie der Mittleren, Großen und Extremen Höhen

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Alpin- und Höhenmedizin

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Zusammenfassung

Alpinistik und damit verbundene unterschiedliche Belastungsprofile stellen unter den atmosphärischen sowie klimatischen Umgebungsbedingungen eine besondere Herausforderung an das respiratorische System dar. Um der Gewebshypoxie unter Höhenbedingungen erfolgreich zu begegnen, bedarf es eines komplexen Zusammenspiels einer Reihe physiologischer regulativer Mechanismen. Eine ausreichende Funktion peripherer Chemorezeptoren (Hypoxiesensing/Glomus caroticum und Glomus aorticum) stellt dabei die Basis für eine adäquate ventilatorische Hypoxieantwort („hypoxic ventilatory response“, HVR) in der Höhe dar. Die Fähigkeit zu alveolärer Hyperventilation ist sehr individuell und entspricht vermutlich einer angeborenen Eigenschaft zur Hypoxieanpassung. Eine hohe HVR ist in Mittleren und Großen Höhen von Vorteil, in Extremen Höhen führt diese jedoch zu einem rasch progressiv abnehmenden Eiffzienzgrad der Atmung. Die respiratorische Funktion in Großen und Extremen Höhen stellt letztendlich den allein leistungslimitierenden Faktor gegenüber der Kreislauflimitierung auf Normalhöhe dar.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Universität Graz Klinische Abt. Lungenkrankheiten, A-8036, Auenbruggerplatz 20, Graz, Österreich

    Prof. Dr. med. Wolfgang Domej

  2. Körösistraße 170/34, 8010, Graz, Österreich

    G. Schwaberger

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  1. Prof. Dr. med. Wolfgang Domej
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  2. G. Schwaberger
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Correspondence to Wolfgang Domej .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. IFFB Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaften, Universität Salzburg, Kaprun, Salzburg, Austria

    Franz Berghold

  2. Europäische Akademie Bozen, Bruneck, Italy

    Hermann Brugger

  3. Universität Innsbruck, Thaur, Austria

    Martin Burtscher

  4. Klinische Abt. Lungenkrankheiten, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Wolfgang Domej

  5. Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Gebirgsmedizin REGA, Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland

    Bruno Durrer

  6. Universität München, Martinsried, Germany

    Rainald Fischer

  7. Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Peter Paal

  8. Bayerische Bergwacht, Siegsdorf, Germany

    Wolfgang Schaffert

  9. UMIT Hall / TILAK Innsbruck, Institut für Sport-, Alpinmedizin und Gesundheitstourismus, Innsbruck, Austria

    Wolfgang Schobersberger

  10. Institut für Anästhesiologie und Intensi LKH Vöcklabruck, Vöcklabruck, Oberösterreich, Austria

    Günther Sumann

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Domej, W., Schwaberger, G. (2015). Physiologie der Mittleren, Großen und Extremen Höhen. In: Berghold, F., et al. Alpin- und Höhenmedizin. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1833-7_31

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1833-7_31

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