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Physiologie der mittleren, großen und extremen Höhen

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Alpin- und Höhenmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Alpinistik und damit verbundene unterschiedliche Belastungsprofile stellen unter den atmosphärischen sowie klimatischen Umgebungsbedingungen eine besondere Herausforderung an das respiratorische System dar. Um der Gewebehypoxie unter Höhenbedingungen erfolgreich zu begegnen, bedarf es eines komplexen Zusammenspiels einer Reihe physiologischer regulativer Mechanismen. Eine ausreichende Funktion peripherer Chemorezeptoren (Hypoxiesensing/Glomus caroticum und Glomus aorticum) stellt dabei die Basis für eine adäquate ventilatorische Hypoxieantwort („hypoxic ventilatory response“ [HVR]) in der Höhe dar. Die Fähigkeit zu alveolärer Hyperventilation ist sehr individuell und entspricht vermutlich einer angeborenen Eigenschaft zur Hypoxieanpassung. Eine hohe HVR ist in mittleren und großen Höhen von Vorteil, in extremen Höhen führt diese jedoch zu einem rasch progressiv abnehmenden Effizienzgrad der Atmung. Die respiratorische Funktion in großen und extremen Höhen stellt letztendlich den allein leistungslimitierenden Faktor gegenüber der Kreislauflimitierung auf Normalhöhe dar.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Universität Graz, Klinische Abteilung für Pulmologie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Graz, Österreich

    Univ-Prof. Dr. med. W. Domej

  2. Medizinische Universität Graz, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Graz, Österreich

    Univ.-Prof. Dr. i.R. G. Schwaberger

Authors
  1. Univ-Prof. Dr. med. W. Domej
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  2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. i.R. G. Schwaberger
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Correspondence to W. Domej .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universität Salzburg, Kaprun, Austria

    Franz Berghold

  2. Europäische Akademie Bozen, Bruneck, Italy

    Hermann Brugger

  3. Universität Innsbruck, Thaur, Austria

    Martin Burtscher

  4. Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Wolfgang Domej

  5. Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Gebirgsmedizin REGA, Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland

    Bruno Durrer

  6. Universität München, Martinsried, Deutschland

    Rainald Fischer

  7. Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Abt. für Anästhesie u. Intensivmedizin, Paracelsus Medizinische Universität Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Peter Paal

  8. Bayerische Bergwacht, Siegsdorf, Deutschland

    Wolfgang Schaffert

  9. Institut für Sport-, Alpinmedizin und Gesundheitstourismus, Innsbruck, Austria

    Wolfgang Schobersberger

  10. Dept. Anästhesie, Intensivmedizin u. Reanimation, Spital Grabs, Grabs, Switzerland

    Günther Sumann

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Domej, W., Schwaberger, G. (2019). Physiologie der mittleren, großen und extremen Höhen. In: Berghold, F., et al. Alpin- und Höhenmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56396-0_33

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56396-0_33

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-56395-3

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