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Radiovirotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer

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Novel Technologies for Vaccine Development

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Abstract

This chapter focuses on the relatively narrow definition of radiovirotherapy as “the use of viral vectors engineered to express genes that drive uptake of radioisotopes into cancer cells for both detection and antitumor efficacy”. Having said that, it also addresses issues relating to combinations of virotherapy and standard anticancer modalities (such as external beam radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy) and novel agents (such as molecular radiosensitisers). However, within the context of radiovirotherapy, those discussions are limited solely to approaches that aim to improve the efficacy of the radioisotopic treatment.

The introductory sections describe the biology of the sodium–iodide symporter (NIS)—the gene therapy approach that has been most widely exploited for radioisotope uptake. In subsequent sections, progress from initial work with replication-defective vectors onto replication-competent oncolytic vectors is described, and this recognises the increasing acceptance of replicating viruses as the vectors of choice for cytotoxic gene therapy strategies. The section on oncolytic NIS-expressing viruses deals mainly with vectors based on adenovirus and measles virus. The final sections describe the use of NIS-expressing vectors in multi-agent regimens and highlight the potential benefits of combinatorial therapeutic regimens. The limited number of clinical translational studies that have been performed to date are also reviewed, and opportunities for future development of NIS-based therapeutic strategies are discussed.

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  1. Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK

    Kevin J. Harrington

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicolog Department of Microbiology and Immunolog, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

    Igor S Lukashevich

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunolog, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

    Haval Shirwan

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Harrington, K.J. (2014). Radiovirotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer. In: Lukashevich, I., Shirwan, H. (eds) Novel Technologies for Vaccine Development. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1818-4_9

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