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Role of T-Type Ca2+ Channels in Basal Insulin Release

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T-type Calcium Channels in Basic and Clinical Science

Abstract

Increases in plasma glucose concentration enhance the expression and activity of T-type Ca2+ channels in insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. The resulting elevation in T-type Ca2+ channel activity results in an elevation in the basal [Ca2+]i of β-cells. High [Ca2+]i in turn causes the internalization of L-type Ca2+ channels from cytoplasmic membrane, which contributes to glucose toxicity in β-cells. Increased activity of T-type Ca2+ channels, along with elevated [Ca2+]i, promotes low threshold exocytosis of insulin under non-stimulus conditions. Emptying immediately releasable secretory granules and internalization of L-type Ca2+ channels result in defective first phase of glucose-induced insulin secretion from the β-cells. Consequently, this defect in glucose-induced insulin secretion augments the plasma glucose concentration and slows glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. The overall effect of the glucose-T-type Ca2+ channel interaction is enhanced basal insulin levels but decreased glucose-induced insulin secretion. Thus, the T-type Ca2+ channel overexpression mechanism could play a role in the development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, which occurs during the early phase of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Ming Li

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Correspondence to Ming Li .

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  1. Dept. Pharmacology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA

    Stephen W. Schaffer

  2. Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Ming Li

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Li, M. (2015). Role of T-Type Ca2+ Channels in Basal Insulin Release. In: Schaffer, S., Li, M. (eds) T-type Calcium Channels in Basic and Clinical Science. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1413-1_10

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