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Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Diseases Epidemiology and Primary Preventive and Therapeutic Targets

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Interdisciplinary Concepts in Cardiovascular Health

Abstract

Following the publication of the landmark study of Morris and colleagues, a plethora of evidences confirmed the inverse and independent relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular as well as overall mortality. It has been established that regular physical activity elicits its beneficial health effects by reducing especially those cardiovascular risk factors which are associated with metabolic disorders, e.g., hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, or systemic hypertension, but physical activity has also been shown directly to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases, e.g., by preventing or correcting endothelial dysfunction or due to cardiovascular remodeling. Nowadays, fascinating experimental studies more and more discover cellular and molecular mechanisms as primary risk factors and explain how physical activity fights the development of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress, low NO bioavailability, and inflammation are considered as primary targets for modification of risk factors by regular exercise training. All these factors are closely interrelated and may play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis.

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Acknowledgments

This chapter is a contribution to K-Regio project MitoCom Tyrol, funded by the Tyrolian Government and the European Regional Development Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 186, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria

    Martin Burtscher MD, PhD

  2. Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/6, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria

    Erich Gnaiger PhD

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Correspondence to Martin Burtscher MD, PhD .

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  1. Department of Environmental and Preventi, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan

    Ichiro Wakabayashi

  2. Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz Center for Physiological Medicine, Graz, Austria

    Klaus Groschner

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Burtscher, M., Gnaiger, E. (2013). Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Diseases Epidemiology and Primary Preventive and Therapeutic Targets. In: Wakabayashi, I., Groschner, K. (eds) Interdisciplinary Concepts in Cardiovascular Health. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1334-9_6

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