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The Organization of Genomic DNA in Mitotic Chromosomes: A Novel View

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Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2

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Abstract

In 1878, W. Flemming discovered a nuclear substance that was visible on staining under the light microscope and named it ‘chromatin’, which is the basic unit of genomic DNA organisation. During cell division, chromatin forms into microscopic bodies, called ‘chromosomes’, which ensures the transmission of the duplicated genomic DNA. The term ‘chromosome’ is derived from the Greek for ‘coloured body’, reflecting the observation that a condensed chromosome is clearly visible with dyes. Long before the discovery of DNA as the genetic material, the mitotic chromosome has fascinated biologists as being a candidate structure involved in heredity. The basic mitotic chromosome structure is therefore expected to be well conserved among eukaryotes, although some minor differences may be found between different groups of organisms. In this chapter, we provide a new insight into mitotic chromosome structure with an historical background: The available evidence suggests that mitotic chromosomes essentially consist of irregularly-folded nucleosome fibers (beads-on-a-string) without a 30-nm chromatin fiber. We also discuss structural differences between plant and mammalian chromatin.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Eltosv, Prof. Dubochet, and Prof. Frangakis for collaboration with KM We would like to thank Prof. Laemmli, Prof. Fukui, Prof. Yoshikawa, Dr. Uchiyama and Ms. Hihara for exciting discussions. KM was supported by a MEXT grant-in-aid and JST CREST. HT is a research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan

    Dr. Hideaki Takata

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Dr. Sachihiro Matsunaga

  3. Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan

    Dr. Kazuhiro Maeshima

  4. Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan

    Dr. Kazuhiro Maeshima

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  1. Dr. Hideaki Takata
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  2. Dr. Sachihiro Matsunaga
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  3. Dr. Kazuhiro Maeshima
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Correspondence to Kazuhiro Maeshima .

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  1. Inst. Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, Wien, 1030, Austria

    Johann Greilhuber

  2. Inst. Experimental Botany, Dept. Plant Biotechnology, ASCR Olomouc, Sokolovska 6, Olomouc, 772 00, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Dolezel

  3. Dept. Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011-1024, Iowa, USA

    Jonathan F. Wendel

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© 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien

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Takata, H., Matsunaga, S., Maeshima, K. (2013). The Organization of Genomic DNA in Mitotic Chromosomes: A Novel View. In: Greilhuber, J., Dolezel, J., Wendel, J. (eds) Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1160-4_3

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