Zusammenfassung
Schmerzerkrankungen des Bewegungsapparats im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind Teil eines Erkrankungsspektrums, das auf einer individuellen biologischen Sensibilität gegenüber der Entwicklung von Schmerzen basiert. Die Schmerzen nehmen keine Warnfunktion für den Körper ein, sind als pathologisch anzusehen, und können zu erheblichen funktionellen Beeinträchtigungen im Alltagsleben der Patienten führen. Lokalisierte, regionale und generalisierte Schmerzstörungen werden unterschieden. Biologische, psychische und soziale Faktoren tragen gemäß des biopsychosozialen Modells zur Entwicklung von Schmerzstörungen bei; eine periphere und zentrale Sensibilisierung des Nervensystems gegenüber Schmerzen spielt eine grundlegende Rolle. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt nach einer körperlichen, psychischen und sozialanamnestischen Evaluation. Die Therapie stützt sich auf einen interdisziplinären, multimodalen, patientenzentrierten Ansatz und umfasst physikalische, psychologische und psychosoziale Methoden.
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Gerhold, K. (2021). Schmerzerkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates im Kindes- und Jugendalter. In: Wagner, N., Dannecker, G., Kallinich, T. (eds) Pädiatrische Rheumatologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60411-3_68-1
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