Zusammenfassung
Nucleinsäuren wie DNA und RNA sind polymere Verbindungen, die aus Nucleotiden aufgebaut sind. Die DNA ist Träger der genetischen Information, lediglich einige Viren nutzen RNA als Informationsträger. Bei Eukaryonten liegt die DNA im Zellkern vor, wo sie zusammen mit den Histonproteinen den wesentlichen Teil des Chromatins ausmacht. RNA spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Proteinbiosynthese. Sie ist Baustein der Ribosomen, dient als Matrize für die Biosynthese von Proteinen, ist Trägerin von aktivierten Aminosäuren und ist entscheidend an der Regulation der Genexpression beteiligt.
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Koch, HG., Brix, J., Heinrich, P.C. (2022). Nucleinsäuren – Struktur und Funktion. In: Heinrich, P.C., Müller, M., Graeve, L., Koch, HG. (eds) Löffler/Petrides Biochemie und Pathobiochemie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60266-9_10
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