Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Basis der Ultraschalluntersuchung

  • Chapter
Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie

  • 7920 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Kapitel wird die Biometrie der embryonalen und fetalen Strukturen in allen drei Trimena beschrieben. Zudem behandelt es die sonograhische Bestimmung des Gestationsalters anhand gängiger Strukturen wie Gestationssack, Scheitel-Steiß-Länge und biparietalen Durchmesser. Ausgiebig wird die fetale Gewichtsschätzung unter Berücksichtigung populationsbasierter und individualisierter Wachstumskurven diskutiert. Es werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung der Fruchtwassermenge sowie deren Interpretation beschrieben. Das Kapitel handelt den normalen und pathologischen Sitz der Plazenta ab und geht auf die Insertio velamentosa sowie die Vasa praevia ein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  • Alexander GR, Kogan MD, Himes JH (1999) U.S. singleton birth weight percentiles for gestational age by race, Hispanic origin, and gender. Matern Child Health J 3: 225–31 1994–1996

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbuckle TE, Wilkins R, Sherman GJ (1993) Birth weight percentiles by gestational age in Canada. Obstet Gynecol 81: 39–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Beeby PJ, Bhutap T, Taylor LK (1996) New South Wales population-based birthweight percentile charts. J Paediatr Child Health 32: 512–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennini JR, Marussi EF, Barini R, Faro C, Peralta CF (2010) Birth-weight prediction by two- and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 35: 426–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein IM, Mohs G, Rucquoi M, Badger GJ (1996) Case for hybrid »fetal growth curves«: a population-based estimation of normal fetal size across gestational age. J Matern Fetal Med 5: 124–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck Louis GM, Grewal J, Albert PS, Sciscione A, Wing DA, Grobman WA, Newman RB, Wapner R, D’Alton ME, Skupski D, Nageotte MP, Ranzini AC, Owen J, Chien EK, Craigo S, Hediger ML, Kim S, Zhang C, Grantz KL (2015) Racial/ethnic standards for fetal growth: the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 213: 449.e1-449.e41

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald I, Brown TG (1961) Demonstration of tissue interfaces within the body by ultrasonic echo sounding. Br J Radiol 34: 539–546

    Google Scholar 

  • Duryea EL, Hawkins JS, McIntire DD, Casey BM, Leveno KJ (2014) A revised birth weight reference for the United States. Obstet Gynecol 124: 16–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferdynus C1, Quantin C, Abrahamowicz M, Platt R, Burguet A, Sagot P, Binquet C, Gouyon JB (2009) Can birth weight standards based on healthy populations improve the identification of small-for-gestational-age newborns at risk of adverse neonatal outcomes? Pediatrics 123: 723–730

    Google Scholar 

  • Figueras F, Meler E, Iraola A, Eixarch E, Coll O, Figueras J, Francis A, Gratacos E, Gardosi J (2008) Customized birthweight standards for a Spanish population. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 136: 20–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaillard R, Jaddoe VW (2014) Assessment of fetal growth by customized growth charts. Ann Nutr Metab 65: 149–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardosi J, Francis A (2009) Customised weight centile calculator – GROW-Centile v.5.12/6.2 2009. Gestation Network, www.gestation.net

  • Gardosi J, Chang A, Kalyan B, Sahota D, Symonds EM (1992) Customised antenatal growth charts. Lancet 339: 283–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Carpenter RJ, Deter RL, Park SK (1984) Sonographic estimation of fetal weight. The value of femur length in addition to head and abdomen measurements. Radiology 150: 535–540

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Sharman RS, Deter RL, Park SK (1985) Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements – a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 151: 333–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Martinez-Poyer J (1991) In utero analysis of fetal growth: a sonographic weight standard. Radiology 181: 129–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansmann M, Schumacher H, Voigt U (1978) Mehrparametrische nicht lineare Gewichtsschätzung mittels Ultraschall unter Berücksichtigung des Gestationsalters. In: Kratochwil A, Reinold E (Hrsg) Ultraschalldiagnostik. Thieme, Stuttgart, S 69–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart NC, Hilbert A, Meurer B, Schrauder M, Schmid M, Siemer J, Voigt M, Schild RL (2010) Macrosomia: a new formula for optimized fetal weight estimation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 35: 42–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnsen SL, Rasmussen S, Wilsgaard T, Sollien R, Kiserud T (2006) Longitudinal reference ranges for estimated fetal weight. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85: 286–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Kehl S, Zaiss I, Freiburg F, Speierer A, Sütterlin M, Siemer J (2010) Comparison of different sonographic methods to determine fetal abdominal circumference. Fetal Diagn Ther 28: 201–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Kehl S, Schmidt U, Spaich S, Schild RL, Sütterlin M, Siemer J (2011) What are the limits of accuracy in fetal weight estimation with conventional biometry in 2D ultrasound? A novel postpartum study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 39: 543–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalil A, D’Antonio F, Dias T, Cooper D, Thilaganathan B; Southwest Thames Obstetric Research Collaborative (STORK) (2014) Ultrasound estimation of birth weight in twin pregnancy: comparison of biometry algorithms in the STORK multiple pregnancy cohort. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 44: 210–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Kierans WJ, Joseph KS, Luo ZC, Platt R, Wilkins R, Kramer MS (2008) Does one size fit all? The case for ethnic-specific standards of fetal growth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 8: 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiserud T, Piaggio G, Carroli G, Widmer M, Carvalho J, Neerup Jensen L, Giordano D, Cecatti JG, Abdel Aleem H, Talegawkar SA, Benachi A, Diemert A, Tshefu Kitoto A, Thinkhamrop J, Lumbiganon P, Tabor A, Kriplani A, Gonzalez Perez R, Hecher K, Hanson MA, Gülmezoglu AM, Platt LD (2017) The World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts: a multinational longitudinal study of ultrasound biometric measurements and estimated fetal weight. PLoS Med 14: e1002220

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer MS, Platt RW, Wen SW, Joseph KS, Allen A, Abrahamowicz M, Blondel B, Bréart G; Fetal/Infant Health Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System (2001) A new and improved population-based Canadian reference for birth weight for gestational age. Pediatrics 108: E35

    Google Scholar 

  • Landis SH, Ananth CV, Lokomba V, Hartmann KE, Thorp JM Jr, Horton A, Atibu J, Ryder RW, Tshefu A, Meshnick SR (2009) Ultrasound-derived fetal size nomogram for a sub-Saharan African population: a longitudinal study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34: 379–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee W, Deter RL, Ebersole JD, Huang R, Blanckaert K, Romero R (2001) Birth weight prediction by three-dimensional ultrasonography: fractional limb volume. J Ultrasound Med 20: 1283–1292

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee W, Balasubramaniam M, Deter RL, Yeo L, Hassan SS, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Gonçalves LF, Romero R (2009) New fetal weight estimation models using fractional limb volume. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 34: 556–565

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee W, Deter R, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Yeo L, Romero R (2013) Prospective validation of fetal weight estimation using fractional limb volume. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41: 198–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindell G, Marsál K (2009) Sonographic fetal weight estimation in prolonged pregnancy: comparative study of two- and three-dimensional methods. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33: 295–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Magann EF, Perry Jr KG, Chauhan SP, Anfanger PJ, Whitworth NS, Morrison JC (1997) The accuracy of ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume in singleton pregnancies: the effect of operator experience and ultrasound interpretative technique. J Clin Ultrasound 25: 249–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsál K, Persson PH, Larsen T, Lilja H, Selbing A, Sultan B (1996) Intrauterine growth curves based on ultrasonically estimated foetal weights. Acta Paediatr 85: 843–848

    Google Scholar 

  • Melamed N, Ben-Haroush A, Meizner I, Mashiach R, Glezerman M, Yogev Y (2011) Accuracy of sonographic weight estimation as a function of fetal sex. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 38: 67–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Melamed N, Yogev Y, Ben-Haroush A, Meizner I, Mashiach R, Glezerman M (2012) Does use of a sex-specific model improve the accuracy of sonographic weight estimation? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 39: 549–557

    Google Scholar 

  • Merz E, Lieser H, Schicketanz KH, Härle J (1988) Intrauterine fetal weight assessment using ultrasound, A comparison of several weight assessment methods and development of a new formula for the determination of fetal weight. Ultraschall Med 9: 15–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Mielke G, Pietsch-Breitfeld B, Salinas R, Risse T, Marzusch K (1995) A new formula for prenatal ultrasonographic weight estimation in extremely preterm fetuses. Gynecol Obstet Invest 40: 84–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore TR, Cayle JE (1990) The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 162: 1168–1173

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabhan AF, Abdelmoula YA (2009) Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket: a meta–analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 104: 184–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Napolitano R, Donadono V, Ohuma EO, Knight CL, Wanyonyi SZ, Kemp B, Norris T, Papageorghiou AT (2016) Scientific basis for standardization of fetal head measurements by ultrasound: a reproducibility study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 48: 80–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Neilson JP (2000) Ultrasound for fetal assessment in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD007058

    Google Scholar 

  • Odibo AO, Cahill AG, Goetzinger KR, Harper LM, Tuuli MG, Macones GA (2013) Customized growth charts for twin gestations to optimize identification of small-for-gestational age fetuses at risk of intrauterine fetal death. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41: 637–642

    Google Scholar 

  • Oken E, Kleinman KP, Rich-Edwards J, Gillman MW (2003) A nearly continuous measure of birth weight for gestational age using a United States national reference. BMC Pediatr 3: 6

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagani G, Palai N, Zatti S, Fratelli N, Prefumo F, Frusca T (2014) Fetal weight estimation in gestational diabetic pregnancies: comparison between conventional and three-dimensional fractional thigh volume methods using gestation-adjusted projection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 43: 72–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Pain S, Chang AM, Flenady V, Chan FY (2006) Customised birthweight: coefficients for an Australian population and validation of the model. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 46: 388–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Papageorghiou AT, Ohuma EO, Altman DG, Todros T, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Victora CG, Barros FC, Carvalho M, Salomon LJ, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Villar J; International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st) (2014) International standards for fetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet 384: 869–879

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker AJ, Davies P, Mayho AM, Newton JR (1984) The ultrasound estimation of sex–related variations of intrauterine growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 149: 665–669

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabbagha RE, Minogue J, Tamura RK, Hungerford SA (1989) Estimation of birth weight by use of ultrasonographic formulas targeted to large-, appropriate-, and small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160: 854–860 (discussion 860–2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahota DS, Kagan KO, Lau TK, Leung TY, Nicolaides KH (2008) Customized birth weight: coefficients and validation of models in a UK population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32: 884–889

    Google Scholar 

  • Salomon LJ, Bernard JP, Ville Y (2007) Estimation of fetal weight: reference range at 20-36 weeks’ gestation and comparison with actual birth-weight reference range. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29 (5): 550–555

    Google Scholar 

  • Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Bilardo CM, Chalouhi GE, Ghi T, Kagan KO, Lau TK, Papageorghiou AT, Raine-Fenning NJ, Stirnemann J, Suresh S, Tabor A, Timor-Tritsch IE, Toi A, Yeo G (2013) ISUOG practice guidelines: performance of first-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 41: 102–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Schild RL, Fell K, Fimmers R, Gembruch U, Hansmann M (2004) A new formula for calculating weight in the fetus of < or = 1600 g. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 24: 775–780

    Google Scholar 

  • Schild RL, Sachs C, Fimmers R, Gembruch U, Hansmann M (2004) Sex–specific fetal weight prediction by ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23: 30–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt U, Temerinac D, Bildstein K, Tuschy B, Mayer J, Sütterlin M, Siemer J, Kehl S (2014) Finding the most accurate method to measure head circumference for fetal weight estimation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 178: 153–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwärzler P, Bland JM, Holden D, Campbell S, Ville Y (2004) Sex-specific antenatal reference growth charts for uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at 15-40 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23: 23–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott F, Beeby P, Abbott J, Edelman D, Boogert A (1996) New formula for estimating fetal weight below 1000 g: comparison with existing formulas. J Ultrasound Med 15: 669–672

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard MJ, Richards VA, Berkowitz RL, Warsof SL, Hobbins JC (1982) An evaluation of two equations for predicting fetal weight by ultrasound. Am J Obstet Gynecol 142: 47–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Siemer J, Hilbert A, Hart N, Hoopmann M, Schneider U, Girschick G, Müller A, Schild RL (2008) Specific weight formula for fetuses with abdominal wall defects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31: 397–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Sladkevicius P, Saltvedt S, Almström H, Kublickas M, Grunewald C, Valentin L (2005) Ultrasound dating at 12–14 weeks of gestation, A prospective cross– validation of established dating formulae in in-vitro fertilized pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 26: 504–511

    Google Scholar 

  • Talge NM, Mudd LM, Sikorskii A, Basso O (2014) United States birth weight reference corrected for implausible gestational age estimates. Pediatrics 133: 844–853

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson HE, Holmes JH, Gottesfeld KR, Taylor ES (1965) Fetal Development as Determined by Ultrasonic Pulse Echo Techniques. Am J Obstet Gynecol 92: 44–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Villar J, Cheikh Ismail L, Victora CG, Ohuma EO, Bertino E, Altman DG, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Gravett MG, Purwar M, Frederick IO, Noble AJ, Pang R, Barros FC, Chumlea C, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH; International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st) (2014) International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH- 21st Project. Lancet 384: 857–868

    Google Scholar 

  • Warsof SL, Gohari P, Berkowitz RL, Hobbins JC (1977) The estimation of fetal weight by computer–assisted analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 128: 881–892

    Google Scholar 

  • Willocks J, Donald I, Duggan TC, Day N (1964) Foetal Cephalometry by Ultrasound. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 71: 11–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu FS, Hwu YM, Lee RK, Li SH, Sun FJ, Lin MH, Lin SY (2012) First trimester ultrasound estimation of gestational age in pregnancies conceived after in vitro fertilization. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 160: 151–155

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pränatalmedizin Baden-Baden, Sophienstr. 3a, 76530, Baden-Baden, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. med., MBA (EBS) J. Siemer

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. med., MBA (EBS) J. Siemer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Siemer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bonn, Deutschland

    Ulrich Gembruch

  2. Hamburg, Deutschland

    Kurt Hecher

  3. Salzburg, Austria

    Horst Steiner

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Siemer, J. (2018). Basis der Ultraschalluntersuchung. In: Gembruch, U., Hecher, K., Steiner, H. (eds) Ultraschalldiagnostik in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53662-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53662-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53661-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53662-9

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation