Zusammenfassung
Die Vereinigten Staaten sind nicht zuletzt aufgrund ihrer langen Tradition regelmäßiger, kompetitiver Wahlen ein Vorbild für viele junge Demokratien. Zugleich werden Wahlen weitgehend von einzelstaatlichen Gesetzen reguliert, was zahlreiche Möglichkeiten schafft, diese zum eigenen machtpolitischen Vorteil zu beeinflussen. Inwiefern versuchen Politiker∗innen ihre Macht durch Veränderung dieser demokratischen Spielregeln auszubauen und wie verfolgen sie ihre Interessen innerhalb dieser Regeln? Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, werden die für die demokratische Teilhabe grundlegenden Regularien des Wahlrechts, des Wahlsystems sowie der Umgang mit ihnen in der politischen Praxis vorgestellt. Dabei werden auch die Erklärungsfaktoren von Wahlbeteiligung und Wahlverhalten sowie die daraus resultierenden Anreizstrukturen behandelt.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Abramowitz, Alan I., und Steven Webster. 2016. The rise of negative partisanship and the nationalization of U.S. elections in the 21st century. Electoral Studies 41:12–22.
Abramowitz, Alan I., und Steven Webster. 2018. Negative partisanship: Why Americans dislike parties but behave like rabid partisans. Advances in Political Psychology 39:119–135.
Aldrich, John H., Jamie L. Carson, Brad T. Gomez, und David W. Rohde. 2019. Change and continuity in the 2016 elections. Los Angeles: Sage/CQ Press.
American National Election Studies (ANES). 2017. The ANES Guide to public opinion and electoral behavior. https://electionstudies.org/resources/anes-guide/. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Behnke, Joachim. 2015. Die Spielregeln der Konstruktion von Spielregeln. Das Beispiel der Wahlrechtsdebatte. Zeitschrift für Politische Theorie 6:3–18.
Bowler, Shaun, Todd Donovan, und Jennifer van Heerde. 2005. The United States of America: Perpetual campaigning in the absence of competition. In The politics of electoral systems, Hrsg. Michael Gallagher und Paul Mitchell, 185–205. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
Brennan Center for Justice. 2010. A citizen’s guide to redistricting. http://www.brennancenter.org/publication/citizens-guide-redistricting-2010-edition. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Brennan Center for Justice. 2018. Criminal disenfranchisement laws across the United States. https://www.brennancenter.org/criminal-disenfranchisement-laws-across-united-states. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Bundeswahlleiter. 2018. Ergebnisse früherer Bundestagswahlen. https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/dam/jcr/397735e3-0585-46f6-a0b5-2c60c5b83de6/btw_ab49_gesamt.pdf. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Burris, Arthur L., und Eric A. Fischer. 2016. The help America vote act and elections reform: Overview and selected issues for the 2016 election, Hrsg. Congressional Research Service. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS20898. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, und Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American voter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Chen, Jowei, und Jonathan Rodden. 2013. Unintentional gerrymandering: Political geography and electoral bias in legislatures. Quarterly Journal of Political Science 8:239–269.
Council of State Governments (CSG). 2018. The book of the states 2018. http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/category/content-type/bos-2018. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Cox, Gary W. 1997. Making votes count. Strategic coordination in the world’s electoral systems. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
Epstein, Leon D. 1986. Political parties in the American mold. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Green, Donald P., und Alan S. Gerber. 2015. Get out the vote. How to increase voter turnout. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Grimmer, Justin, Eitan Hersh, Marc Meredith, Jonathan Mummolo, und Clayton Hall. 2018. Obstacles to estimating voter ID laws’ effect on turnout. Journal of Politics 80:1045–1051.
Hall, Thad E. 2013. US voter registration reform. Electoral Studies 32:589–596.
Hershey, Marjorie Randon. 2017. Party politics in America. New York: Routledge.
Hicks, William D., Seth C. McKee, Mitchell D. Sellers, und Daniel A. Smith. 2015. A principle or a strategy? Voter identification laws and partisan competition in the American states. Political Research Quarterly 68:18–33.
Hicks, William D., Seth C. McKee, und Daniel A. Smith. 2016. The determinants of state legislator support for restrictive voter ID laws. State Politics & Policy Quarterly 16:411–431.
Highton, Benjamin. 2017. Voter identification laws and turnout in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science 20:149–167.
Jacobson, Gary C., und Jamie L. Carson. 2016. The politics of congressional elections. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Kalb, Deborah, Hrsg. 2016. Guide to U.S. elections. Los Angeles: Sage/CQ Press.
Katz, Richard S. 2007. Political institutions in the United States. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
Key, V. O., Jr. 1955. A theory of critical elections. Journal of Politics 17:3–18.
Key, V. O., Jr. 1959. Secular realignment and the party system. Journal of Politics 21:198–210.
Keyssar, Alexander. 2009. The right to vote. The contested history of democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books.
Levitt, Justin. 2018. Intent is enough: Invidious partisanship in redistricting. William & Mary Law Review 59:1993–2051.
Maisel, Louis Sandy, und Mark D. Brewer. 2019. Parties and elections in America. The electoral process. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Major, Brenda, Alison Blodorn, und Gregory Major Blascovich. 2018. The threat of increasing diversity: Why many white Americans support Trump in the 2016 presidential election. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21:931–940.
Manza, Jeff, und Christopher Uggen. 2006. Locked out. Felon disenfranchisement and American democracy. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mayer, William G., und Andrew Busch. 2004. The front-loading problem in presidential nominations. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
McDonald, Michael P. 2008. United States redistricting: A comparative look at the 50 states. In Redistricting in comparative perspective, Hrsg. Lisa Handley und Bernard Grofman. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
McDonald, Michael P. 2018. United States elections project. Voter turnout. http://www.electproject.org/home/voter-turnout/voter-turnout-data. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
McDonald, Michael P., und Samuel L. Popkin. 2001. The myth of the vanishing voter. American Political Science Review 95:963–974.
McGhee, Eric, Seth Masket, Boris Shor, Steven Rogers, und Nolan McCarty. 2014. A primary cause of partisanship? Nomination systems and legislator ideology. American Journal of Political Science 58:337–351.
National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). 2015. The term-limited states. http://www.ncsl.org/research/about-state-legislatures/chart-of-term-limits-states.aspx. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). 2019a. Table of contents: NCSL’s elections resources. http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/election-laws-and-procedures-overview.aspx. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). 2019b. Redistricting commissions: Congressional plans. http://www.ncsl.org/research/redistricting/redistricting-commissions-congressional-plans.aspx. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Niemi, Richard G., Herbert F. Weisberg, und David C. Kimball. 2011. Controversies in voting behavior. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). 2018. United States of America, mid-term congressional elections, 6 November 2018: Final report. https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/usa/411254. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Politifact. 2018. Georgia’s ‚exact match‘ law and the Abrams-Kemp governor’s election, explained. https://www.politifact.com/georgia/article/2018/oct/19/georgias-exact-match-law-and-its-impact-voters-gov. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Renwick, Alan. 2010. The politics of electoral reform. Changing the rules of democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Steger, Wayne. 2013. Polls and elections. Two paradigms of presidential nominations. Presidential Studies Quarterly 43:377–387.
Taylor, Steven L., Matthew S. Shugart, Arend Lijphart, und Bernard Grofman. 2014. A different democracy. American government in a thirty-one-country perspective. New Haven/London: Yale University Press.
The Green Papers. 2019. Election 2016 presidential primaries, caucuses, and conventions. http://www.thegreenpapers.com/P16. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
The Guardian. 2001. Inquiry into new claims of poll abuses in Florida. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/17/usa.julianborger. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
The Guardian. 2018. ‚Textbook voter suppression‘: Georgia’s bitter election a battle years in the making. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/10/georgia-election-recount-stacey-abrams-brian-kemp. Zugegriffen am 27.09.2019.
Tolbert, Caroline, David P. Redlawsk, und Kellen J. Gracey. 2018. Racial attitudes and emotional responses to the 2016 Republican candidates. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 28:245–262.
U.S. Census Bureau. 2013. 2010 Apportionment results. http://www.census.gov/population/apportionment/data/2010_apportionment_results.html. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. 2001. Voting irregularities in Florida during the 2000 presidential election. http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/vote2000/main.htm. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. 2018. An assessment of minority voting rights access in the United States. 2018 Statutory enforcement report. https://www.usccr.gov/pubs/2018/Minority_Voting_Access_2018.pdf. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
U.S. Department of Justice. 2017. History of Federal voting rights laws. https://www.justice.gov/crt/history-federal-voting-rights-laws. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Uggen, Christopher, Ryan Larson, und Sarah Shannon. 2016. 6 Million lost voters: State-level estimates of Felony disenfranchisement, 2016. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/6-million-lost-voters-state-level-estimates-felony-disenfranchisement-2016. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Voting Technology Project. 2001. Voting – What is, what could be. https://vote.caltech.edu/reports/1. Zugegriffen am 16.10.2019.
Wand, Jonathan N., et al. 2001. The butterfly did it: The aberrant vote for Buchanan in palm beach county, Florida. American Political Science Review 95:793–810.
Wolter, Kirk, Diana Jergovic, Whitney Moore, Joe Murphy, und Colm O’Muircheartaigh. 2003. Reliability of the uncertified Ballots in the 2000 presidential election in Florida. The American Statistician 57:1–14.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weinmann, P. (2020). Wahlen. In: Lammert, C., Siewert, M.B., Vormann, B. (eds) Handbuch Politik USA. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23845-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23845-2_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-23844-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-23845-2
eBook Packages: Social Science and Law (German Language)