Zusammenfassung
Die Region Südasien zählt zu den Wachstumstreibern der Weltwirtschaft. Zugleich ist sie auch eine der ärmsten, konfliktreichsten und wirtschaftlich am wenigsten integrierten Regionen im internationalen Vergleich. Die Idee von Südasien wird institutionell durch die 1985 gegründete South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) verkörpert. Sie hat bislang allerdings nur eine ungenügende Erfolgsbilanz vorzuweisen. Eine Reihe von Entwicklungen könnte den Bedeutungsverlust der SAARC weiter vorantrieben. Erstens hat China im Rahmen seiner Seidenstraßeninitiative (Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) in den letzten Jahren umfangreich in Südasien investiert. Die verstärkten bilateralen Beziehungen mit China werden vermutlich die Anreize für den Ausbau des intra-regionalen Handels weiter verringern. Zweitens kühlt das indisch-pakistanische Verhältnis zunehmend ab. Die beiden größten Staaten in Südasien haben immer weniger Interesse an einer politischen und wirtschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit. Neue Konnektivitätsnetzwerke inner- und außerhalb Südasiens verändern die politische Geographie und tragen zu einem neuen Verständnis der Region bei.
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Notes
- 1.
The World Bank (2020d).
Die Region Südasien setzt sich aus den Mitgliedsstaaten der South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) zusammen. Diese umfassen Afghanistan, Bangladesch, Bhutan, Indien, Malediven, Nepal, Pakistan und Sri Lanka.
- 2.
The World Bank (2020a).
- 3.
The World Bank (2020d).
- 4.
- 5.
Lalwani und Haegeland (2018, S. 11).
- 6.
Ebd., S. 15.
- 7.
Zur Entstehung der SAARC vgl. Michael (2013).
- 8.
Bokhari (1985, S. 371–390).
- 9.
Wagner (2012, S. 209–216).
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.
Hussain (2011, S. 329).
- 13.
The Hindu (2004).
- 14.
- 15.
The Times of India (2010).
- 16.
Dawn (2015).
- 17.
Zu BIMSTEC gehören Bangladesch, Bhutan, Indien, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
- 18.
World Shia Muslims Population (2018).
- 19.
McKernan (2017).
- 20.
Masood (2017).
- 21.
The Hindu (2017a).
- 22.
Dawn (2017a).
- 23.
Pakistan Today (2016).
- 24.
Zafar (2008).
- 25.
Gishkori (2015).
- 26.
Habib (2016).
- 27.
Giri (2017).
- 28.
Bhatia et al. (2016).
- 29.
- 30.
Srinivasan (2017b).
- 31.
Wagner (2016, S. 307–320).
- 32.
Singh Roy (2015).
- 33.
Dawn (2017b).
- 34.
Dawn (2017c).
- 35.
Yhome (2017).
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Wagner, C. (2020). Südasien neu denken: Vergangenheit und Zukunft der South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). In: Dosch, J., Lutz-Auras, L. (eds) Asiatischer Regionalismus im 21. Jahrhundert. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20552-2_3
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