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Stressbedingte Krankheiten und deren körperliche Symptome

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Executive Health - Gesundheit als Führungsaufgabe

Zusammenfassung

Zu den am besten untersuchten arbeitsbezogenen Stressoren mit Einflüssen auf die körperliche Gesundheit gehören hohe Anforderungen, wenig Handlungsspielraum und Belohnung, ungenügende soziale Unterstützung, persönliches Überengagement und eine als ungerecht empfundene Organisation. In körperlicher Hinsicht erhöht Arbeitsstress vor allem das Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten wie Herzinfarkt und Hirnschlag sowie für ungünstiges Gesundheitsverhalten und das Burnout-Syndrom, welche ihrerseits wiederum das Risiko für körperliche Krankheiten erhöhen. Arbeitsstress führt regelmäßig zu funktionellen psychosomatischen Beschwerden, wie Schmerzen an verschiedenen Körperstellen, Verdauungsbeschwerden und Schlafproblemen und dadurch bedingte Fehlzeiten. Vereinzelt scheint Arbeitsstress auch das Krebsrisiko und die allgemeine Sterblichkeit zu erhöhen. Die umfangreichen Erkenntnisse aus der Stressforschung lassen verstehen, wie chronischer Arbeitsstress „unter die Haut“ gehen kann. Im Gegensatz zu den überlebensnotwendigen biologischen Anpassungen bei kurzzeitigem Stress (Kampf-Flucht-Reaktion), können die mit chronischer Stressbelastung einhergehenden anhaltenden biologischen Veränderungen körperliche Funktionen beeinträchtigen und Gewebe schädigen. Durch geeignete Interventionen auf der individuellen und Organisationsebene kann Stress am Arbeitsplatz potenziell erfolgreich angegangen und die körperliche Gesundheit günstig beeinflusst werden.

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    Prof.Dr. Roland von Känel

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von Känel, R. (2015). Stressbedingte Krankheiten und deren körperliche Symptome. In: Becker, P. (eds) Executive Health - Gesundheit als Führungsaufgabe. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06072-5_5

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