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The Adipose Organ: Morphological Perspectives of Adipose Tissues

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Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures

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Abstract

Adipose tissue of an individual, generally regarded as connective tissues without a specific anatomy, consists of many adipose depots that are organized to form a large organ with discrete anatomy, specific vascular and nerve supplies, complex cytology, and high physiological plasticity. The authors discuss anatomy and morphology, plasticity of adipose tissue, plasticity of adipose tissue and adipose stem cells, ADSCs and their use in regenerative medicine, plasticity of adipose tissue and the role of mature adipocytes (the phenomenon of transdifferentiation), white to brown transdifferentiation, and adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation. Adipose tissue, despite its simple appearance and morphology, represents a complex structure with highly plastic properties. These capacities are due to the nature of its parenchymal cells, the adipocytes, that are unique specialized cells involved in fuel storage, management and endocrine, nervous, and immune function and that are even provided with the ability to reprogram their genes and transdifferentiate into cells with a different morphology and physiology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy

    Arianna Smorlesi Ph.D. & Andrea Frontini M.Sc., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy

    Saverio Cinti M.D.

  3. Institute of Normal Human Morphology, MarchePolytechnic University Medical School, Ancona, Italy

    Saverio Cinti M.D.

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  1. Arianna Smorlesi Ph.D.
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  2. Andrea Frontini M.Sc., Ph.D.
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  3. Saverio Cinti M.D.
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Correspondence to Saverio Cinti M.D. .

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  1. Section of Surgery, Newport Specialty Hospital, Tustin, California, USA

    Melvin A. Shiffman

  2. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marche Polytechnic University Medical School, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy

    Alberto Di Giuseppe

  3. Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

    Franco Bassetto

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Smorlesi, A., Frontini, A., Cinti, S. (2014). The Adipose Organ: Morphological Perspectives of Adipose Tissues. In: Shiffman, M., Di Giuseppe, A., Bassetto, F. (eds) Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45207-9_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45207-9_8

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-45206-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-45207-9

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