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pH Banding in Charophyte Algae

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Plant Electrophysiology

Abstract

The internodal cells of Characean algal species have long served as a model for membrane processes in plants, because their large size (up to several centimetres in length), simple geometry (cylinder) and clear separation from other cells in the plant have allowed experimental techniques such as multielectrode electrophysiological techniques and cell perfusion. However, the membranes of these cells are not homogeneous, but show distinct differences in their electrophysiological characteristics and transport capabilities. The most obvious example of this non uniformity is the pH difference seen in the external medium surrounding the cells, the “acid bands”, with a pH similar or slightly acid to the bulk medium, and “alkaline bands”, which can support a pH of 10 or higher. We explore here the transport properties that underlie these differences and their relation to photosynthesis.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

AP:

Action potential

APW:

Artificial pond water

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

AZ:

Acetazolamide

Ej :

Nernst potential for the ion j

DIC:

Dissolved inorganic carbon

DES:

Diethylstilbestrol

DCMU:

(3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea

DCCD:

N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

EZA:

Ethoxyzolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase

EDAC:

1–ethyl -3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide

Evo :

Vacuole to outside potential difference

Eco :

Cytoplasm to outside potential difference

Evc :

Vacuole to cytoplasm potential difference

F:

Faraday constant 96,485.3 C/mol in Eqs. 11.1–11.3

F:

Fluorescence yield

F’m :

Saturation fluorescence

GHK:

Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation

g bkg :

Background conductance (I/V modelling)

G/V:

Conductance as a function of voltage

\( \Updelta \bar{\mu }_{H} ,\Updelta \bar{\mu }_{\text{Na}} \) :

Electrical chemical potential difference for H+ or Na+, respectively

H+/OH− state:

State of the membrane whose electrical characteristics are dominated by H+ or OH− leak

Hepes:

4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, zwitterionic buffer with pKa = 7.55/OH

I bkg :

Background current (I/V modelling)

k 0io , k 0oI , kio, koi :

Proton pump parameters (I/V modelling)

I/V:

Current as a function of voltage

NEM:

N-ethyl maleimide

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching, a measure of impairment of photosynthesis derived from fluorescence studies

NXPX :

Number of channels conducting ion X

PCMBS:

p-(chloromercuri)benzene sulfonate

PD:

Electrical potential difference across a membrane

pHc :

Cytoplasmic pH

pHo :

External pH

Po− and Po+ :

Open probabilities of a channel at negative and positive potentials, respectively

R:

Gas constant 8.314 J/mol.K

Rco :

Plasma membrane resistance

T:

Temperature in Kelvin

V :

Transmembrane PD in volts

V 50 :

Half-activation potential (Eqs. 11.2, 11.3)

V bkg :

Background current reversal PD (I/V modelling, usually taken as -100 mV)

[X]o, [X]i :

Medium and intracellular concentrations, respectively, of ion X (Eq. 11.1)

Y′:

Quantum yield, a measure of photosynthesis derived from fluorescence studies

Z:

Valency of ion X (Eq. 11.1)

z g :

Charge associated with channel gating (Eqs. 11.2, 11.3)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Mary J. Beilby

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA

    Mary A. Bisson

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  1. Mary J. Beilby
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  2. Mary A. Bisson
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Correspondence to Mary J. Beilby .

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  1. , Department of Chemistry, Oakwood University, Adventist Blvd. 7000, Huntsville, 35896, Alabama, USA

    Alexander G. Volkov

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Beilby, M.J., Bisson, M.A. (2012). pH Banding in Charophyte Algae. In: Volkov, A. (eds) Plant Electrophysiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29119-7_11

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