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Viruses with Single-Stranded, Segmented, Negative-Sense RNA Genomes

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Molecular Virology

Abstract

There are three virus families containing a negative-sense RNA genome, which does not exist as a continuous molecule, but is present in several segments. These are the families Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae. Similarly to members of the order Mononegavirales (Chap. 15), they also require the presence of a special enzyme (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) to perform the synthesis and replication of messenger RNA (mRNA); it reaches the cell along with other viral components during infection. A segmented genome enables the virus to generate reassortants. In this process, the RNA molecules of different virus strains are mixed or reshuffled in doubly infected cells during replication and morphogenesis. In this way, progeny viruses can obtain new combinations of RNA segments and thus gain novel properties. This mechanism, which is referred to as antigenic shift, is particularly common and well studied in influenza A viruses, the causative agents of viral influenza or genuine flu (Sect. 16.3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Medizinische, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany

    Susanne Modrow

  2. Alfred-Mumbächer-Str. 30 C, Mainz, 55128, Germany

    Dietrich Falke

  3. Veterinärmedizinische Fak., Inst. Tierhygiene und, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, Leipzig, 04103, Germany

    Uwe Truyen

  4. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institut für Virologie, TU München, Trogerstr. 30, München, 81675, Germany

    Hermann Schätzl

Authors
  1. Susanne Modrow
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  2. Dietrich Falke
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  3. Uwe Truyen
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  4. Hermann Schätzl
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Correspondence to Susanne Modrow .

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Modrow, S., Falke, D., Truyen, U., Schätzl, H. (2013). Viruses with Single-Stranded, Segmented, Negative-Sense RNA Genomes. In: Molecular Virology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20718-1_16

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