Skip to main content

Antibiotics and Antibiotic Prophylaxis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Contemporary Dental Pharmacology

Abstract

An understanding of the principles of prescribing antibiotics in dentistry is paramount to their successful use in the outpatient setting. While the number of classes of antibiotics and specific agents useful in the management of routine odontogenic infections is relatively small when compared to those used in medicine, the dentist must understand the major contraindications and warnings associated with antibiotics, as well as their most significant adverse effects and drug interactions. This chapter provides the reader with a description of the various antibiotics routinely prescribed in dental patients, as well as practical considerations that must be understood to ensure their safe and effective use. Finally, the current role of antibiotic prophylaxis and the evidence regarding the use of antibacterial prophylaxis in dentistry are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons and American Dental Association. Prevention of orthopedic implant infection in patients undergoing dental procedures. Evidence-based guideline and evidence report. 2012. https://www.aaos.org/research/guidelines/PUDP/PUDP.guideline.pdf

  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Use of antibiotic therapy for pediatric dental patients, revised 2014. http://www.aapd.org/Policies_Guidelines/G_AntibioticTherapy.pdf

  • American Association of Endodontists. Colleagues for Excellence newsletter. Winter, 2012. http://www.aae.org/UploadedFiles/PublicationsandResearch/EndodonticsColleaguesforExcellenceNewsletter/winter12ecfe.pdf

  • Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/

  • Bali R, Sharma P, Gaba S. Use of metronidazole as part of an empirical antibiotic regimen after incision and drainage of infections of the odontogenic spaces. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;53(1):18–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beacher N, Sweeney MP, Bagg J. Dentists, antibiotics and Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Br Dent J. 2015;219(6):275–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campagna JD, Bond MC, Schabelman E, Hayes BD. The use of cephalosporins in penicillin-allergic patients: a literature review. J Emerg Med. 2012;42(5):612–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cherry WR, Lee JY, Shugars DA, White RP, Vann WF. Antibiotic use for treating infections in children: a survey of dentists’ prescribing practices. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012;143(1):31–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciancio SG. Drug interactions: a guide for dentistry. MetLife Qual Res Guide, 3rd ed, July 2011. http://www.metdentalcom

  • Dayer MJ, Jones S, Prendergast B, Baddour LM, Lockhart PB, Thornhill MH. Incidence of infective endocarditis in England, 2000-13: a secular trend, interrupted time-series analysis. Lancet. 2015;385(9974):1219–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dayer H, Thornhill MH, et al. Is antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis worthwhile? J Infect Chemother. 2018;24(1):18–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;31(7):CD004152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flynn TR. What are the antibiotics of choice for odontogenic infections, and how long should the treatment course last? Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am. 2011;23:519–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Germak M, Sedgley CM, Shabbah W, Whitten B. Antibiotic use in 2016 by members of the American Association of Endodontists: report of a national survey. J Endod. 2017;43(10):1615–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, Gunsolley JC. Systemic anti-infective periodontal therapy. A systematic review. Ann Periodontol. 2003;8(1):115–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch R, Deng H, Laohachai MN. Azithromycin in periodontal treatment: more than an antibiotic. J Periodontal Res. 2012;47:137–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeske AH, editor. Mosby’s dental drug reference. 12th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keenan JV, Farman AG, Fedorowicz Z, Newton JT. Antibiotic use for irreversible pulpitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;18(2):CD004969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lodi G, Figini L, Sardella A, Carrassi A, Del Fabbro M, Furness S. Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11:CD003811.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes DR, Peres MP, Levin AS. Randomized study of surgical prophylaxis in immunocompromised hosts. J Dent Res. 2011;90(2):225–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna BE, Lamey PJ, Kennedy JG, Bateson J. Minocycline-induced staining of permanent dentition: a review of the literature and report of a case. Dent Update. 1999;26(4):160–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molavi A. Cephalosporins: rationale for clinical use. Am Fam Physician. 1991;43(3):937–48.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts RM, Bartoces M, Thompson SE, Hicks LA. Antibiotic prescribing by general dentists in the United States, 2013. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017;148(3):172–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross KM, Mehr JS, Greeley RD, Montoya LA, Kulkarni PA, Frontin S, Weigle TJ, Giles H, Montana BE. Outbreak of bacterial endocarditis associated with an oral surgery practice. J Am Dent Assoc. 2018;149(3):191–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos RS, Macedo RF, Souza EA, Soares SC, Feltosa DS, Sarmento CFM. The use of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of refractory periodontitis. A systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016;147(7):577–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segura-Egea JJ, Martin-Gonzalez J, Jimenez-Sanchez MDC, Crespo-Gallardo I, Sauco-Marquez JJ, Velasco-Ortega E. Worldwide pattern of antibiotic prescription in endodontic infections. Int Dent J. 2017;67(4):197–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor J, Pemberton MN. Antibiotics and oral contraceptives: new considerations for dental practice. Br Dent J. 2012;212(10):481–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornhill MH, Dayer H, et al. Quantifying infective endocarditis risk in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(7):586–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: a guideline from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116(15):1736–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arthur H. Jeske .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jeske, A.H. (2019). Antibiotics and Antibiotic Prophylaxis. In: Jeske, A. (eds) Contemporary Dental Pharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99852-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99852-7_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99851-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99852-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics