Abstract
The chloroplasts and mitochondria are the organelles essential for normal growth and development of plants. They have their original genomes, and genes encoded in these organelles are expressed in concordance with factors originating from the nuclear genome. Researchers have analyzed cytoplasmic genomes to understand this complicated mechanism. The sizes of the chloroplast genome and the mitochondrial genome are relatively small, with the former being approximately 150 kbp and the latter being several hundred kbp to several Mbps. The widespread use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in recent years has enabled sequencing of the entire genome of chloroplasts and mitochondria with relative ease and affordability. For example, several chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced for onions. Onions carry several different types of cytoplasms characterized by distinct cytoplasmic genomes. In particular, male sterility induced by certain types of cytoplasms is a trait that is crucial to F1 hybrid breeding, and male sterility phenotypes are determined by their compatibility with the nuclear genome. This chapter explains the cytoplasmic form of these onion cultivars and lays out the characteristics of the cytoplasmic genome of each one of them.
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Tsujimura, M., Terachi, T. (2018). Cytoplasmic Genome. In: Shigyo, M., Khar, A., Abdelrahman, M. (eds) The Allium Genomes. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95825-5_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95825-5_6
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