Abstract
During the last 30 years, environmental issues, especially concerning the chemical and biological contamination of water, have become a major concern for both society and public authorities, but more importantly, for the whole industrial world. Any activities whether domestic or agricultural but also industrial produce wastewaters or effluents containing undesirable contaminants which can also be toxic. In this context, a constant effort must be made to protect water resources. In general, conventional wastewater treatment consists of a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes and operations to remove insoluble particles and soluble contaminants from effluents. This chapter briefly discusses the different types of effluents, gives a general scheme of wastewater treatment, and describes the advantages and disadvantages of technologies available.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- AC:
-
Activated carbons
- AOP:
-
Advanced oxidation processes
- AOX:
-
Adsorbable organic halogen
- BAS:
-
Biological activated sludge
- BOD:
-
Biochemical oxygen demand
- CAA:
-
Commercial activated alumina
- CAC:
-
Commercial activated carbons
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- CW:
-
Constructed wetlands
- CWAO:
-
Catalytic wet air oxidation
- D:
-
Dialysis
- DPS:
-
Dangerous priority substances
- E:
-
Electrolysis
- EC:
-
Electro-coagulation
- ED:
-
Electrodialysis
- EED:
-
Electroelectro-dialysis
- EF:
-
Electro-flocculation
- ELM:
-
Emulsion liquid membranes
- ICP:
-
Inductively coupled plasma
- MF:
-
Microfiltration
- MVP:
-
Membrane pervaporation
- NF:
-
Nanofiltration
- PAH:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PCB:
-
Polychlorobiphenyls
- PS:
-
Priority substances
- RS:
-
Reverse osmosis
- SLM:
-
Supported liquid membranes
- SS:
-
Suspended solids
- TOC:
-
Total organic carbon
- TOD:
-
Total oxygen demand
- UF:
-
Ultrafiltration
- VOC:
-
Volatile organic compounds
- WAO:
-
Non catalytic wet air oxidation
- WFD:
-
Water Framework Directive
References
Amiard JC (2011) Les risques chimiques environnementaux. Editions TEC & DOC Lavoisier, Paris, 782 p (in French)
Anjaneyulu Y, Sreedhara Chary N, Samuel Suman Raj D (2005) Decolourization of industrial effluents – available methods and emerging technologies – a review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 4:245–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-005-1246-z
Barakat MA (2011) New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arab J Chem 4:361–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019
Berefield LD, Judkins JF, Weand BL (1982) Process chemistry for water and wastewater treatment. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 510 p
Bratby J (2006) Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. IWA Publishing, London, p 407
Chen G (2004) Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 38:11–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2003.10.006
Chuah TG, Jumasiah A, Azni I, Katayon S, Choong SYT (2005) Rice husk as a potentially low-cost biosorbent for heavy metal and dye removal: an overview. Desalination 175:305–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.10.014
Cooney DO (1999) Adsorption design for wastewater treatment. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 208 p
Cooper P (1993) Removing colour from dye house waste waters – a critical review of technology available. J Soc Dyers Colour 109:97–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1993.tb01536.x
Cox M, Négré P, Yurramendi L (2007) Industrial liquid effluents. INASMET Tecnalia, San Sebastian, p 283
Crini G (2005) Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Prog Polym Sci 30:38–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2004.11.002
Crini G (2006) Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal. Bioresour Technol 97:1061–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.05.001
Crini G, Badot PM (2007) Traitement et épuration des eaux industrielles polluées. PUFC, Besançon, 353 p (in French)
Crini G, Badot PM (eds) (2010) Sorption processes and pollution. PUFC, Besançon, 489 p
Druart C, Morin-Crini N, Euvrard E, Crini G (2016) Chemical and ecotoxicological monitoring of discharge water from a metal-finishing factory. Environ Process 3:59–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-016-0125.7
Forgacs E, Cserhati T, Oros G (2004) Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: a review. Environ Int 30:953–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.001
Hai FI, Yamamoto K, Fukushi K (2007) Hybrid treatment systems for dye wastewater. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 37:315–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380601174723
Harvey PJ, Campanella BF, Castro PM, Harms H, Lichtfouse E, Schäffner AR, Smrcek S, Werck-Reichhart D (2002) Phytoremediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, anilines and phenols. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 9:29–47
Henze M (ed) (2001) Wastewater treatment – biological and chemical processes. Springer, Berlin/New York
Kentish SE, Stevens GW (2001) Innovations in separations technology for the recycling and re-use of liquid waste streams. Chem Eng J 84:149–159
Khalaf MN (2016) Green polymers and environmental pollution control. CRC Press; Apple Academic Press, Inc, Oakville, 436 p
Lacorte S, Latorre A, Barcelo D, Rigol A, Malqvist A, Welander T (2003) Organic compounds in paper-mill process waters and effluents. Trends Anal Chem 22:725–737
Liu DHF, Liptak BG (eds) (2000) Wastewater treatment. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Mohan D, Pittman CU (2007) Arsenic removal from waste/wastewater using adsorbents – a critical review. J Hazard Mater 142:1–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.006
Morin-Crini N, Crini G (eds) (2017) Eaux industrielles contaminées. PUFC, Besançon, 513 p (in French)
Parsons S (ed) (2004) Advanced oxidation process for water and wastewater treatment. Editions IWA Publishing, London
Pokhrel D, Viraraghavan T (2004) Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater – a review. Sci Total Technol 333:37–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.05.017
Rana T, Gupta S, Kumar D, Sharma S, Rana M, Rathore VS, Pereira BMJ (2004) Toxic effects of pulp and paper-mill effluents on male reproductive organs and some systemic parameters in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 18:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2004.04.005
Rathoure AK, Dhatwalia VK (2016) Toxicity and waste management using bioremediation. IGI Global, Hershey, 421 p
Sharma SK (2015) Green chemistry for dyes removal from wastewater. Scrivener Publishing LLC Wiley, Beverley, 496 p
Sharma SK, Sanghi R (2012) Advances in water treatment and pollution prevention. Springer, Dordrecht, 457 p
Sonune A, Ghate R (2004) Developments in wastewater treatment methods. Desalination 167:55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.113
Wojnárovits L, Takács E (2008) Irradiation treatment of azo dye containing wastewater: an overview. Rad Phys Chem 77:225–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.05.003
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Crini, G., Lichtfouse, E. (2018). Wastewater Treatment: An Overview. In: Crini, G., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Green Adsorbents for Pollutant Removal. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92111-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92111-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92110-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92111-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)