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T1 Mapping in Aortic Stenosis

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T1-Mapping in Myocardial Disease

Abstract

Aortic stenosis is the most clinically important valve disease in the Western world and is set to increase with an aging population. It is defined not only by inflammation and calcification of the valve tissue itself, but progressive hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis of the left ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is ideally positioned to provide accurate assessment of the myocardium, allowing gold-standard quantification of the left ventricular mass. Although focal replacement fibrosis is common in patients with aortic stenosis and can be detected with the late gadolinium enhancement technique, it appears to be irreversible, making assessment of the earlier reversible stages of diffuse myocardial fibrosis desirable.

T1 mapping methods such as native T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) fraction are able to detect diffuse fibrosis in patients with aortic stenosis. Both parameters correlate well with histology and are able to differentiate patients with aortic stenosis from healthy controls. Native T1 is associated with impaired global longitudinal strain and diastolic dysfunction. Extracellular volume assesses relative fibrosis of the heart and is associated with impaired diastolic function and patient functional status. In other cardiac conditions, ECV has been found to be a predictor of adverse prognosis but this has yet to be demonstrated in patients with aortic stenosis.

Both native T1 mapping and ECV techniques are limited by the lack of widely applicable normal reference ranges as well as significant overlap between values in healthy controls and patients with aortic stenosis. Further research is required to fully establish the role of T1 mapping in aortic stenosis and to evaluate other potential T1 mapping parameters.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Russell J. Everett, David E. Newby & Marc R. Dweck

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  1. Russell J. Everett
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  2. David E. Newby
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  3. Marc R. Dweck
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  1. School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Phillip C. Yang

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Everett, R.J., Newby, D.E., Dweck, M.R. (2018). T1 Mapping in Aortic Stenosis. In: Yang, P. (eds) T1-Mapping in Myocardial Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91110-6_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91110-6_5

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