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Adenosine Regulation of the Immune System

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The Adenosine Receptors

Part of the book series: The Receptors ((REC,volume 34))

Abstract

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside, released into the extracellular space in response to metabolic stress and cell damage and critically involved in the maintenance of tissue integrity by modulation of the immune system.

The magnitude and duration of adenosine signaling are dictated by the expression and activity of a plethora of synthetic and catabolic enzymes as well as nucleoside transporters, which calibrate finely the concentration of this nucleoside in the biophase of specific receptors. Indeed, once released into the extracellular space, adenosine governs several aspects of immune cell functions by interaction with four G-protein-coupled cell membrane receptors, designated as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors.

The engagement of such receptors, expressed heterogeneously on the surface of several immune cell populations, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and lymphocytes, shapes a broad array of immune cell functions, which include cytokine production, degranulation, chemotaxis, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and proliferation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Luca Antonioli, Matteo Fornai & Corrado Blandizzi

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    György Haskó

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  1. Luca Antonioli
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  2. Matteo Fornai
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  4. György Haskó
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Correspondence to Luca Antonioli .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Pier Andrea Borea

  2. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Katia Varani

  3. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Stefania Gessi

  4. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Stefania Merighi

  5. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Fabrizio Vincenzi

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Antonioli, L., Fornai, M., Blandizzi, C., Haskó, G. (2018). Adenosine Regulation of the Immune System. In: Borea, P., Varani, K., Gessi, S., Merighi, S., Vincenzi, F. (eds) The Adenosine Receptors. The Receptors, vol 34. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90808-3_20

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