Abstract
This chapter draws from existing literature, analysis of school policy texts and codes of discipline, to examine the context and history of school social control in sub-Saharan Africa using some evidence from Ghana. It highlights how school hierarchies, institutional surveillance mechanisms, and the code of discipline produce school social control in the sub-Saharan Africa context. It discusses school hierarchical organization as a mechanism for control based on a case study in Ghana. The discussion examines how teachers’ own schooling and training experiences make them agents of school social control and how corporal punishment plays a key role concluding with the role that foreign languages play in controlling access to further education and future social and economic opportunities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Ghana, Mali Kenya, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda.
References
Adjei, P. B. (2007). Decolonising knowledge production: The pedagogic relevance of Gandhian satyagraha to schooling and education in Ghana. Canadian Journal of Education, 30(4), 1046–1067.
Adzahlie-Mensah, V. (2014). Being ‘nobodies’: Students regimes and student identities in Ghana. Doctoral thesis (PhD), University of Sussex.
Adzahlie-Mensah, V. (2015). Latencies and perspectives on Ghana’s code of discipline for basic schools. Paper accepted for publication in the African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8, 18–27.
Agbenyega, J. S. (2006). Corporal punishment in the schools of Ghana: Does inclusive education suffer? The Australian Educational Researcher, 33(3), 107–122.
Agbenyega, J. S. (2011). Institutional practices in early childhood teachers’ construction and management of learning spaces: An encounter for inclusion or exclusion? International Journal of Equity and Innovation in Early Childhood, 9(1), 62–76.
Agbenyega, J. A., & Deku, P. (2011). Building new identities in teacher preparation for inclusive education in Ghana. Current Issues in Education, 14(1), 1–36.
Agbenyega, J. S., & Klibthong, S. (2011). Early childhood inclusion: A postcolonial analysis of pre-service teachers’ professional development and pedagogy in Ghana. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 12(4), 404–416.
Akinnaso, N. F. (1991). On the mother tongue education policy in Nigeria. Educational Review, 43(1), 89–106.
Akyeampong, K. (2003). Teacher training in Ghana – Does it count? London: DFID.
Akyeampong, K. (2017). Teacher educators’ practice and vision of good teaching in teacher education reform context in Ghana. Educational Researcher, 46(4), 194–203.
Akyeampong, K., & Lewin, K. (2002). From student teachers to newly qualified teachers in Ghana: Insights into becoming a teacher. International Journal of Educational Development, 22(3/4), 339–352.
Akyeampong, K., & Stephens, D. (2002). Exploring the backgrounds and shaping factors of beginning student teachers in Ghana: Towards greater contextualization of teacher education. International Journal of Educational Development, 22(3/4), 261–274.
Akyeampong, K., Lussier, K., Westbrook, J., & Lussier, K. (2013). Improving teaching and learning of basic maths and reading in Africa: Does teacher preparation count? International Journal of Educational Development, 33, 272–282.
Alexander, R. (2000). Culture and pedagogy: International comparisons in primary education. Oxford: Blackwell.
Alhassan, S., & Adzhalie-Mensah, V. (2010). Teachers and access to schooling in Ghana. CREATE pathways to access (Research Monograph No. 43). Brighton: Centre for International Education, University of Sussex.
Amedahe, F. K., & Chandramohan, K. (2009). Ghana – Towards FCUBE. In L. Brown (Ed.), Maintaining universal primary education: Lessons from Commonwealth Africa. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Antwi, M. K. (1991). Education, society and development in Ghana. Accra: Unimax Publishers Ltd.
Ball, J. S. (1983). Imperialism, social control and the colonial curriculum in Africa. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 15(3), 237–263.
Bamgbose, A. (2000). Language and exclusion. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers.
Bassey, M. O. (1999). Missionary rivalry and educational expansion in Nigeria, 1885–1945. New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
Bernstein, B. (2000). Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
Brock-Utne. (2001). Education for all: In whose language? Oxford Review of Education, 27(1), 115–134.
Bunyi, G. (1999). Rethinking the place of African indigenous languages in African education. International Journal of Educational Development, 19, 337–350.
Busia, K. A. (1964). Purposeful education for Africa. London: Mouton.
Coe, C. (2005). Dilemmas of culture in African schools: Youth, nationalism, and the transformation of knowledge. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press.
Coyne, G. (2015). Language education policies and inequality in Africa: Cross-national empirical evidence. Comparative Education Review, 59(4), 619–637.
CRDD. (2001). Rights and equity in the classroom: A case study of classroom interactions in basic schools in Ghana. Accra: GES and UNICEF.
Debrunner, H. (1967). A history of Christianity in Ghana. Accra: Waterville Publishing House.
Dei, G. J. S. (2002). Rethinking the role of indigenous language in the academy. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 4(2), 111–132.
Dei, G. J. S. (2004). Schooling and education in Africa: The case of Ghana. Trenton: Africa World Press.
Dei, G. J. S., Asgharzadeh, A., Bahador, S. E., & Shahjahan, R. A. (2006). Schooling and difference in Africa: Democratic challenges in a contemporary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Dunne, M., & Adzahlie-Mensah, V. (2016). Subordinate subjects: The work of the hidden curriculum in post-colonial Ghana. In D. Wyse, L. Haywood, & J. Pandya (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of curriculum, pedagogy and assessment (pp. 216–230). London: Sage.
Dunne, M., Akyeampong, K., & Humphreys. (2007). School processes, local governance and community participation: Understanding access. CREATE pathways to access (Research Monograph No. 6). Brighton: Centre for International Education, University of Sussex.
Dunne, M., Bosumtwi-Sam, C., Sabates, R., & Owusu, A. (2010). Bullying and school attendance: A case study of senior high school students in Ghana (CREATE pathways to access. Research monograph no. 41). Brighton: Centre for International Education, University of Sussex.
Durrant, J. E., & Smith, A. B. (2011). Global pathways to abolishing physical punishment: Realizing children’s rights. New York: Routledge.
Federal Ministry of Education, Nigeria. (2015). National quality assurance handbook and evaluation schedule for basic and secondary education in Nigeria (draft). Nigeria: Ministry of Education.
Feinstein, S., & Mwahombela, L. (2010). Corporal punishment in Tanzania’s schools. International Review of Education, 56, 300–410.
Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. London: Penguin.
Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. New York: Vintage Books.
Freire, P. (1993). Pedagogy of the oppressed. London: Penguin.
Ghana Education Service. (2001). Report of the study on the constitutional and legal framework for the right to pre-tertiary education in Ghana. Accra: MOESS/GES.
Giroux, H. A. (2004). Cultural studies and the politics of public pedagogy: Making the political more pedagogical. Parallax, 10(2), 73–89.
Graham, C. K. (1971). The history of education in Ghana from the earliest times to the declaration of independence. Oxo: CASS.
Handy, C. (1984). Taken for granted? Understandings schools as organisations. York: Longman.
Harber, C. (2004). Schooling as violence: How schools harm pupils and societies. Falmer: Routledge.
Hunn, E. (1993). What is traditional ecological knowledge? In N. Williams & G. Baines (Eds.), Traditional ecological knowledge: Wisdom for sustainable development. Canberra: Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, ANU.
Killingray, D. (1994). The ‘rod of empire’: The debate over corporal punishment in the British African colonial forces, 1888–1946. The Journal of African History, 35(2), 201–216.
Lewin, K. M. (2008). Strategies for sustainable financing of secondary education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Lewin, K. M., & Stuart, J. (2002). Researching teacher education: New perspectives on practice, performance and policy. London: DFID.
London, N. (2002). Curriculum convergence: An ethno-historical investigation into schooling in Trinidad and Tobago. Comparative Education, 38(1), 53–72.
Luggard, F. D. (1922). The dual mandate in British Tropical Africa. London: Blackwood and Sons.
MacLure, J. L., Holmes, M. R., & Macrae, C. (2012). Children and objects: Affection and infection early years. International Research Journal, 32(1), 49–60.
McLaren, P. (2008). This fist called my heart: Public pedagogy in the belly of the beast. Antipode, 40(3), 472–481.
McWilliam, H. O. A., & Kwamena-Poh, M. A. (1975). The development of education in Ghana. London: Longman Group Limited.
Ministry of Education. (2006). Headteachers handbook. Accra: MOE.
Molteno, M., Ogadhoh, K., Cain, E., & Crompton, B. (2000). Towards responsive schools: Supporting better schooling for disadvantaged children. London: DFID/Save the Children.
Morrell, R. (2001a). Corporal punishment in South African schools: A neglected explanation for its existence. South African Journal of Education, 21(4), 292–299.
Morrell, R. (2001b). Corporal punishment and masculinity in South African schools. Men and Masculinities, 4(2), 140–157.
Muller, J., & Taylor, N. (1995). Schooling and everyday life: Knowledges sacred and profane. Social Epistemology, 9(3), 257–275.
Nayak, A., & Kehily, M. J. (2008). Gender, youth and culture: Young masculinities and femininities. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ofori, R., Alhassan, S., Tamanja, M. E., & Adzahlie-Mensah, V. (2011). Impact evaluation of the Ghana government’s policy on the use of corporal punishment in Ghanaian basic schools. Accra: UNICEF.
Owu-Ewie, C. (2006). The language policy of education in Ghana: A critical look at the English-only language policy of education. In Selected Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on African Linguistics. Somerville: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Painter, D. W. (2010). Tongue-tied: The politics of language, subjectivity and social psychology. Doctoral Thesis, Department of Psychology: University of South Africa.
Pfann, H. (1965). A short history of Christianity in Ghana. Cape Coast: Catholic Mission Press.
Pfann, H. (1967). A short history of Christianity in Ghana. Cape Coast: Catholic Mission Press.
Pinheiro, P. S. (2006). World report on violence against education. Geneva: United Nations Report.
Pryor, J., & Ampiah, J. (2003). Understandings of education in an African village: The impact of ICTs (Education series research report no. 52). London: DFID.
Pykett, J. (2009). Pedagogical power: Lessons from school spaces. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 4, 102–117.
Quartey, S. (2007). Missionary practices on the Gold Coast, 1832–1895: Discourse, gaze, gender in the Basel Mission in pre-colonial West Africa. New York: Cambria Press.
Razer, M., Friedman, V. J., & Warshofsky, B. (2013). Schools as agents of social exclusion and inclusion. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(11), 1152–1170. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2012.742145.
Sharp, R., Green, A., & Lewis, J. (2017). Education and social control – A study in progressive education. London: Routledge.
Shipman, M. (1971). Education and modernisation. London: Faber.
Shizha, E. (2014). Rethinking contemporary Sub-Saharan African school knowledge: Restoring the indigenous African cultures. International Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education, 4 (1), 1870–1878.
Tabulawa, R. (2013). Teaching and learning in context: Why pedagogical reforms fail in Sub-Sahara Africa. Dakar: CODESRIA.
Tafa, E. (2002). Corporal punishment: The brutal face of Botswana’s Authoritarian schools. Education Review, 54(1), 17–26.
Vavrus, F., Thomas, M., & Bartlett, L. (Eds.). (2013). Ensuring quality by attending to inquiry: Learner-centred pedagogy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Addis Ababa: UNESCO-International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa.
Windel, A. (2009). British colonial education in Africa: Policy and practice in the era of trusteeship. Blackwell Publishers, 7(1), 1–21.
Wood, P. (1990). The happiest days? How pupils cope with school. London: Falmer Press.
Woolman, D. C. (2001). Educational reconstruction and post-colonial curriculum development: A comparative study of four African countries. International Education Journal, 2 (5). WCCES Commission 6 Special 2001 Congress Issue.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Akyeampong, K., Adzahlie-Mensah, V. (2018). Recent Trends in School Social Control in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Deakin, J., Taylor, E., Kupchik, A. (eds) The Palgrave International Handbook of School Discipline, Surveillance, and Social Control. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71559-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71559-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71558-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71559-9
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)