Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Principle-Based Stepped Care and Brief Psychotherapy for Integrated Care Settings

Abstract

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of the most commonly occurring disorders in young children (Maughan, Rowe, Messer, Goodman, & Meltzer, 2004). According to the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5; 2013), ODD is included in the disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and is characterized by a pattern of irritable, argumentative, and vindictive behavior lasting at least 6 months, as evidenced by at least four of the following symptoms: loss of temper, being touchy or easily annoyed, being angry and resentful, arguing with authority figures, actively defying or refusing to comply with adults’ rules and/or authority figures, deliberately annoying others, blaming others for their mistakes, or being spiteful or vindictive at least twice within the past 6 months. In addition, these symptoms must be demonstrated during interactions with at least one individual who is not a sibling (i.e., parent, teachers, authority figures, etc.). Children and adolescents with ODD may display negativity, rebelliousness, as well as antagonistic, stubborn, and challenging behaviors. These behaviors are often difficult for parents, caregivers, and teachers to manage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile (p. 288). Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asarnow, J. R., Rozenman, M., Wiblin, J., & Zeltzer, L. (2015). Integrated medical-behavioral care compared with usual primary care for child and adolescent behavioral health: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(10), 929–937. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bagner, D. M., Boggs, S. R., & Eyberg, S. M. (2010). Evidence-based school behavior assessment of externalizing behavior in young children. Education and Treatment of Children, 33, 65–83.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barkley, R. A., & Benton, C. M. (2013). Your defiant child: 8 steps to better behavior (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law. (2009a). Integration of mental health in quality-assurance policies (A healthcare reform issue brief). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law. (2009b). Primary care providers’ role in mental health (a healthcare reform issue brief). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. (2010). Help me be good: Disobeying. New York: Joy Berry Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., & Birmaher, B. (2002). Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: A review of the past 10 years, part II. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1275–1293.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, G. L., Taylor, T. K., & Rusby, J. C. (2001). Child and adolescent disruptive behavior inventory 2.3: Parent Version. Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Department of Psychology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canino, G., Polanczyk, G., Bauermeister, J. J., Rohde, L. A., & Frick, P. J. (2010). Does the prevalence of CD and ODD vary across cultures? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 695–704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0242-y

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chorpita, B. F., Reise, S., Weisz, J. R., Grubbs, K., Becker, K. D., & Krull, J. L. (2010). Evaluation of the brief problem checklist: Child and caregiver interviews to measure clinical progress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(4), 526.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, L. (2005). SOS help for parents: A practical guide for handling common everyday behavior problems (3rd ed.). Bowling Green, KY: SOS Programs & Parents Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, J. (2011). I just don’t like the sound of NO! Boys Town, NE: Boys Town Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comfort, M., & Gordon, P. R. (2006). The Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (KIPS): A practical observational assessment of parenting behavior. NHSA Dialog, 9(1), 22–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connor, D. F. (2002). Aggression and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: Research and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conners, C. K., Wells, K. C., Parker, J. D., Sitarenios, G., Diamond, J. M., & Powell, J. W. (1997). A new self-report scale for assessment of adolescent psychopathology: Factor structure, reliability, validity, and diagnostic sensitivity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 487–497.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, P. J. (2009). Beyond parity: Primary care physicians perspectives on access to mental health care. Health Affairs, 28(3), w490–w501. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.3.w490

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dosman, C., & Andrews, D. (2012). Anticipatory guidance for cognitive and social-emotional development: Birth to five years. Paediatric Child Health, 17(2), 75–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eyberg, S. M., Boggs, S. R., & Algina, J. (1995). Parent-child interaction therapy: A psychosocial model for the treatment of young children with conduct problem behavior and their families. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 31, 83–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eyberg, S. M., Nelson, M. M., Ginn, N. C., Bhuiyan, N., & Boggs, S. R. (2013). Dyadic parent-child interaction coding system: Comprehensive manual for research and training (4th ed.). Gainesville, FL: PCIT International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyberg, S. M., & Pincus, D. (1999). Eyberg child behavior inventory and sutter-eyberg behavior inventory-revised: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eysenbach, G. (2001). What is e-health? Journal of Medical Internet Research, 3(2), e20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fabiano, G. A., Pelham, W. E., Jr., Waschbusch, D. A., Gnagy, E. M., Lahey, B. B., Chronis, A. M., … Burrows-MacLean, L. (2006). A practical measure of impairment: Psychometric properties of the impairment rating scale in samples of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and two school-based samples. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(3), 369–385.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forgatch, M. S., & DeGarmo, D. (1999). Parenting through change: An effective parenting training program for single mothers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 711–724.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, W., Murphy, J. M., Childs, G., Kelleher, K., Pagano, M. E., Jellinek, M. S., … Chiapetta, L. (1999). The PSC-17: A brief pediatric symptom checklist with psychosocial problem subscales. A report from PROS and ASPN. Ambulatory Child Health, 5, 225–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, M. M., Zeanah, C. H., & Dickstein, S. (2010). Recognizing young children in need of mental health assessment: Development and preliminary validity of the early childhood screening assessment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 31(3), 335–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20259

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gottman, J., & Declaire, J. (1997). Raising an emotionally intelligent child: The heart of parenting. New York: Fireside.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, R. W. (2014). The explosive child: A new approach for understanding and parenting easily frustrated, chronically inflexible children. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, R. W., Ablon, J. S., Goring, J. C., Raezer-Blakely, L., Markey, J., Monuteaux, M. C., … Rabbitt, S. (2004). Effectiveness of collaborative problem solving in affectively dysregulated children with oppositional-defiant disorder: Initial findings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(6), 1157–1164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.72.6.1157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, S. S., & Armando, J. (2008). Oppositional defiant disorder. American Family Physician, 78(7), 861–866.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W., Rodick, J. D., Borduin, C. M., Hanson, C. L., Watson, S. M., & Urey, J. R. (1986). Multisystemic treatment of juvenile offenders: Effects on adolescent behavior and family interactions. Developmental Psychology, 22, 132–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamphaus, R. W., Reynolds, C. R., Hatcher, N. M., & Kim, S. (2004). Treatment planning and evaluation with the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment, Instruments for children and adolescents (Vol. 2, 3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin, A. E. (2008). The Kazdin method for parenting the defiant child. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjøbli, J., & Ogden, T. (2012). A randomized effectiveness trial of brief parent training in primary care settings. Prevention Science, 13(6), 616–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-012-0289-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolko, D. J., & Perrin, E. C. (2014). The integration of behavioral health interventions in children’s health care: Services, sciences, and suggestions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43(2), 216–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.862804

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lavigne, J. V., LeBailly, S. A., Gouze, K. R., Cicchetti, C., Pochyly, J., Arend, R., … Binns, H. J. (2008). Treating oppositional defiant disorder in primary care: A comparison of three models. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33(5), 449–461. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm074

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., Burke, J. D., Lahey, B. B., Winters, A., & Zera, M. (2000). Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: A review of the past 10 years, part I. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(12), 1468–1484. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200012000-00007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maughan, B., Rowe, R., Messer, J., Goodman, R., & Meltzer, J. (2004). Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: Developmental etiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(3), 609–621. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469.7610.2004.00250.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, R., & Forehand, R. (2003). Helping the noncompliant child: Family-based treatment for oppositional behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council & Institute of Medicine. (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities. Committee on the prevention of mental disorders and substance abuse among children, youth, and young adults: Research advances and promising interventions. In M. E. O’Connell, T. Boat, & K. E. Warner (Eds.), Board on children, youth, and families, division of behavioral and social sciences and education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK32775/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK32775.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Olfson, M., Blanco, C., Wang, S., Laje, G., & Correll, C. U. (2014). National trends in the mental health care of children and adolescents, and adults by office-based physicians. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.3074

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved October 10, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oppositional-defiant-disorder/basics/definition/con-20024559

  • Pelham, W. E., Gnagy, E. M., Greenslade, K. E., & Milich, R. (1992). Teacher ratings of DSM-III-R symptoms for the disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(2), 210–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, M. J., & Webster-Stratton, C. (2001). The incredible years parent, teacher, and child intervention: Targeting multiple areas of risk for a young child with pervasive conduct problems using a flexible, manualized, treatment program. Journal of Cognitive and Behavior Practice, 8, 377–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, D. A. (1997). The defiant child: A parent’s guide to oppositional defiant disorder. Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, A. A., Johnson, C. L., Hammad, A., Ristau, K. I., Zawadzki, S., Villar, L. D. A., & Coker, K. L. (2015). Prenatal and neighborhood correlates of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 32, 375–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-015-0379-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, M. R. (1999). Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: Towards an empirically validated multilevel parenting and family support strategy for the prevention of behavior and emotional problems in children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2(2), 71–90. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(1), 28–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M. K., & Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S., & White, C. (2014). Mindful discipline: A loving approach to setting limits and raising an emotionally intelligent child. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc..

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi, L. (2012). The impact of primary care: A focused review. Scientifica, 2012, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.6064/2012/432892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, D. J., & Payne Bryson, T. (2011). The whole-brain child: 12 revolutionary strategies to nurture your child’s developing mind. New York: Bantam Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, H., & Remsing, L. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(1), 126–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhausen, H. C., & Nøvik, T. S. (2006). ADORE Study Group: Co-existing psychiatric problems in ADHD in the ADORE cohort. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(1), i25–i29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, J. M., Kraemer, H. C., Hinshaw, S. P., Arnold, L. E., Conners, C. K., Abikoff, H. B., … Wu, M. (2001). Clinical relevance of the primary findings of the MTA: Success rates based on sverity of ADHD and ODD symptoms at the end of treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 168–179.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vannest, K. J., Davis, J. L., Davis, C. R., Mason, B. A., & Burke, M. D. (2010). Effective intervention for behavior with a daily behavior report care: A meta-analysis. School Psychology Review, 39(4), 654–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weitzman, C., Wegner, L., & Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health, Council on Early Childhood, & Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. (2015). Promoting optimal development: Screening for behavioral and emotional problems. Pediatrics, 135(2), 384–395. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-3716

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilens, T. E. (2002). Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in clinically referred preschool children and school-age youths with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(3), 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-2002030000-00005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolraich, M. L., Lambert, W., Doffing, M. A., Bickman, L., Simmons, T., & Worley, K. (2003). Psychometric properties of the Vanderbilt ADHD diagnostic parent rating scale in a referred population. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 28(8), 559–568.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2008). Integrating mental health into primary care: A global perspective. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Outpatient Behavioral Health Department, Sarah A. Reed Children’s Center, Erie, PA, USA

    Brittany M. Hayden Ph.D.

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Center for School Mental Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Brittany R. Patterson Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Brittany M. Hayden Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brittany R. Patterson Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brittany M. Hayden Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA

    Alexandros Maragakis

  2. Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA

    William T. O'Donohue

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hayden, B.M., Patterson, B.R. (2018). Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). In: Maragakis, A., O'Donohue, W. (eds) Principle-Based Stepped Care and Brief Psychotherapy for Integrated Care Settings. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70539-2_26

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation