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Autotaxin in Stem Cell Biology and Neurodevelopment

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Lipidomics of Stem Cells

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Autotaxin has emerged as a prominent and critical element in biological processes involving the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Such processes are mediated largely by LPA’s cognate G protein-coupled receptors, and they are related to a widespread array of physiological and pathophysiological actions. Autotaxin itself was originally identified as a tumor cell motility-stimulating factor and then found to be highly expressed by a large variety of tumor cells. Thus, it has received much attention in cancer biology prompting extensive research toward a better understanding of its enzymatic LPA generating activity shown to drive tumorigenesis and tumor cell invasion. More recently, however, diverse roles of autotaxin have become apparent including regulatory functions in stem cell biology and neurodevelopment. In addition, there is increasing evidence for non-catalytic functions of autotaxin. This chapter will introduce, from a historical perspective, the major characteristics of autotaxin, and it will define autotaxin’s main structure–function relationships. Importantly, it will review autotaxin’s evolving roles in stem cell biology and neurodevelopment.

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Abbreviations

ATX:

Autotaxin

CNS:

Central nervous system

ENPP2:

Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

LPC:

Lysophosphatidylcholine

LysoLPD:

Lysophospholipase D

MORFO:

Modulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and focal adhesion organization

PD-Iα:

Phosphodiesterase Iα

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Health (B.F) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (B.F.).

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  1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA

    Babette Fuss Ph.D.

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  1. The University of Melbourne & Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Alice Pébay

  2. The University of Melbourne & Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Raymond C.B. Wong

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Fuss, B. (2017). Autotaxin in Stem Cell Biology and Neurodevelopment. In: Pébay, A., Wong, R. (eds) Lipidomics of Stem Cells. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49343-5_3

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