Conclusions

Abstract

Global population dynamics in the twenty-first century will be significantly shaped by the African continent and sub-Saharan Africa in particular. With about 1 billion persons in 2016, the SSA population is expected to double in 2050 and then, perhaps, quadruple by the year 2100. This book provides an assessment of the population dynamics and demographic challenges of the SSA region. It discusses the possibility for the region to open a demographic window of opportunity, when fertility declines and young dependency ratios hopefully become more favorable, and to capture thereafter the benefits of a first demographic dividend. Four evidence-based sections in this book explore and discuss population dynamics through: (a) regional and country-specific case studies, (b) the drivers of the demographic dividend, (c) the specific development challenges that the African continent currently faces, and (d) the future prospects. The key conclusion of the book is: The future of Africa starts with management of its fertility. Other factors such as education, job creation, women’s rights, good governance, etc., can only unlock their potential to create wealth and welfare once fertility decline towards 3 children per woman. Through the research presented in this book, policymakers and development partners inside and outside Africa are urged to take action in helping to determine the socioeconomic future of Africa, which will have also repercussions for the world at large.