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Locally Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

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Management of Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

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Abstract

Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) comprises the majority (>90 %) of thyroid cancers [1], with 10–15 % presenting as locally advanced [2, 3]. Locally advanced thyroid cancers are those that extend beyond the thyroid capsule to invade surrounding structures, including muscles, recurrent laryngeal nerve(s), trachea, larynx, esophagus, and major blood vessels in the neck and chest. McCaffrey et al. described 262 patients with locally advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) treated over a 60-year period at the Mayo Clinic; sites of invasion included the muscle (53 %), trachea (37 %), recurrent laryngeal nerve (47 %), esophagus (21 %), larynx (12 %), and other sites (30 %) [4]. Su et al. recently published a contemporary review of 69 patients with WDTC invading the upper aerodigestive tract, reporting complete tumor excision with negative margins in 62 % of patients. The authors showed 85 % locoregional control, with 23 % of patients developing distant metastases, and 5-year overall survival 71 % [5].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

    Ming Yann Lim

  2. Departments of Head and Neck, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Mark Zafereo

  3. Departments of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1461, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Elizabeth Grubbs

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  1. Ming Yann Lim
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  2. Mark Zafereo
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  3. Elizabeth Grubbs
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elizabeth Grubbs .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Sanziana A. Roman

  2. Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Julie Ann Sosa

  3. Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt Endocrine Surgery Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Carmen C. Solórzano

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Lim, M.Y., Zafereo, M., Grubbs, E. (2017). Locally Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. In: Roman, S., Sosa, J., Solórzano, C. (eds) Management of Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43618-0_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43618-0_25

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