Abstract
Retroperitoneal tumors are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors arising in the retroperitoneum, but not from the retroperitoneal organs. Most retroperitoneal tumors are malignant and derive from soft tissue, sarcomas being the most common. Primary extragonadal germ cell tumors and primary retroperitoneal lymphomas are rare differential diagnoses. A hallmark of malignant retroperitoneal soft tissue tumors is their large size upon diagnosis and their poor prognosis. CT scans and core needle biopsies are the mainstay of diagnosis. Extended radical and complete en bloc surgery is the only potentially curative treatment. Surgery should always be image-guided and never be exploratory. Despite surgery, local recurrence is common and accounts for most of the disease’s morbidity. Even though the scientific evidence is weak, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or preoperative radiation might be of some value for selected patients and histological subtypes. Guidelines strongly recommend a multidisciplinary treatment approach at a specialized center and data collection in international registries. Since all these cases are rare, advances can only be made in collaboration.
References
Anaya DA, et al. Establishing prognosis in retroperitoneal sarcoma: a new histology-based paradigm. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(3):667–75.
Armstrong JR, Cohn I Jr. Primary malignant retroperitoneal tumors. Am J Surg. 1965;110(6):937–43.
Avances C, et al. CCAFU’s contribution to the French National Cancer Institute’s reference frame: retroperitoneal sarcomas. Prog Urol J Assoc Fr Urol Soc Fr Urol. 2013;23(Suppl 2):S161–6.
Baldini EH, et al. Treatment guidelines for preoperative radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma: preliminary consensus of an international expert panel. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2015;92(3):602–12.
Bjerkehagen B, et al. Radiation-induced sarcoma: 25-year experience from the Norwegian Radium Hospital. Acta Oncol. 2008;47(8):1475–82.
Bonvalot S, et al. Primary retroperitoneal sarcomas: a multivariate analysis of surgical factors associated with local control. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2009;27(1):31–7.
Bremjit PJ, et al. A contemporary large single-institution evaluation of resected retroperitoneal sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21(7):2150–8.
Brennan C, et al. Solid malignant retroperitoneal masses-a pictorial review. Insights Imaging. 2014;5(1):53–65.
Bubendorf L, et al. Metastatic patterns of prostate cancer: an autopsy study of 1,589 patients. Hum Pathol. 2000;31(5):578–83.
Burningham Z, et al. The epidemiology of sarcoma. Clin Sarcoma Res. 2012;2(1):14.
Chen L, et al. Hematologic malignancies with primary retroperitoneal presentation: clinicopathologic study of 32 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129(5):655–60.
Erzen D, Sencar M, Novak J. Retroperitoneal sarcoma: 25 years of experience with aggressive surgical treatment at the Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana. J Surg Oncol. 2005;91(1):1–9.
ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Soft tissue and visceral sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2012;23(Suppl 7):vii92–9.
Feng M, et al. Long-term outcomes after radiotherapy for retroperitoneal and deep truncal sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;69(1):103–10.
Fletcher CDM, et al. WHO classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. 4th ed. Geneva: WHO Press; 2014.
Gemici K, et al. Management of patients with retroperitoneal tumors and a review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol. 2015;13:143.
Gronchi A, et al. Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas: patterns of recurrence in 167 patients treated at a single institution. Cancer. 2004;100(11):2448–55.
Gronchi A, et al. Aggressive surgical policies in a retrospectively reviewed single-institution case series of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma patients. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2009;27(1):24–30.
Gronchi A, et al. Variability in patterns of recurrence after resection of primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS): a report on 1007 patients from the multi-institutional collaborative RPS working group. Ann Surg. 2016;263(5):1002–9.
Hueman MT, Herman JM, Ahuja N. Management of retroperitoneal sarcomas. Surg Clin North Am. 2008;88(3):583–97. vii
Jaques DP, et al. Management of primary and recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma of the retroperitoneum. Ann Surg. 1990;212(1):51–9.
Jo VY, Fletcher CD. WHO classification of soft tissue tumours: an update based on the 2013 (4th) edition. Pathology. 2014;46(2):95–104.
Kim KS, et al. Radiation-induced sarcoma: a 15-year experience in a single large tertiary referral center. Cancer Res Treat Off J Kor Cancer Assoc. 2016;48(2):650–7.
Krege S, et al. European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancer: a report of the second meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus group (EGCCCG): part I. Eur Urol. 2008;53(3):478–96.
Le Pechoux C, et al. Should adjuvant radiotherapy be administered in addition to front-line aggressive surgery (FAS) in patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcoma? Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2013;24(3):832–7.
Lewis JJ, et al. Retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma: analysis of 500 patients treated and followed at a single institution. Ann Surg. 1998;228(3):355–65.
Mariani A, et al. Prospective assessment of lymphatic dissemination in endometrial cancer: a paradigm shift in surgical staging. Gynecol Oncol. 2008;109(1):11–8.
Mendenhall WM, et al. Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer. 2005;104(4):669–75.
Miura JT, et al. Impact of chemotherapy on survival in surgically resected retroperitoneal sarcoma. Eur J Surg Oncol: J Eur Soc Surg Oncol Br Assoc Surg Oncol. 2015;41(10):1386–92.
Murez T, et al. CCAFU french national guidelines 2016–2018 on retroperitoneal sarcoma. Prog Urol J Assoc Fr Urol Soc Fr Urol. 2016;27(Suppl 1):S183–90.
Osswald M, et al. Treatment of a population based sample of men diagnosed with testicular cancer in the United States. Urol Oncol. 2009;27(6):604–10.
Pawlik TM, et al. Long-term results of two prospective trials of preoperative external beam radiotherapy for localized intermediate- or high-grade retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13(4):508–17.
Pervaiz N, et al. A systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized resectable soft-tissue sarcoma. Cancer. 2008;113(3):573–81.
Pinson CW, et al. Long-term results with primary retroperitoneal tumors. Arch Surg. 1989;124(10):1168–73.
Pliess G. Proceedings: retroperitoneal tumors: pathology (author’s transl). Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1973;334:127–40.
Porpiglia AS, Reddy SS, Farma JM. Retroperitoneal Sarcomas. Surg Clin N Am. 2016;96(5):993–1001.
Porter GA, Baxter NN, Pisters PW. Retroperitoneal sarcoma: a population-based analysis of epidemiology, surgery, and radiotherapy. Cancer. 2006;106(7):1610–6.
Ribeiro Gomes J, Belotto M, D’Alpino Peixoto R. The role of surgery for unusual sites of metastases from colorectal cancer: a review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017;43(1):15–19.
Robert-Koch-Institute. Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten. www.krebsdaten.de. 2016.
Roett MA, Evans P. Ovarian cancer: an overview. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80(6):609–16.
Schmalz O. Retroperitoneal tumors. Der Urol Ausg A. 2016;55(6):748–55.
Scholz M, et al. Extragonadal retroperitoneal germ cell tumor: evidence of origin in the testis. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2002;13(1):121–4.
Sheth GR, et al. Radiation-induced sarcoma of the breast: a systematic review. Oncologist. 2012;17(3):405–18.
Singer S, et al. Histologic subtype and margin of resection predict pattern of recurrence and survival for retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Ann Surg. 2003;238(3):358–70; discussion 370–1
Stein ME, et al. Radiation-induced sarcoma following curative radiotherapy for testicular seminoma: case report and brief review of the literature. Tumori. 1997;83(3):721–3.
Strauss DC, Hayes AJ, Thomas JM. Retroperitoneal tumours: review of management. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2011;93(4):275–80.
Tambo M, et al. Clinicopathological review of 46 primary retroperitoneal tumors. Int J Urol Off J Jpn Urol Assoc. 2007;14(9):785–8.
Trans-Atlantic RPS Working Group. Management of primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) in the adult: a consensus approach from the Trans-Atlantic RPS Working Group. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(1):256–63.
Trans-Atlantic RPS Working Group. Management of recurrent retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) in the adult: a consensus approach from the Trans-Atlantic RPS Working Group. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23(11):3531–40.
Van Roggen JF, Hogendoorn PC. Soft tissue tumours of the retroperitoneum. Sarcoma. 2000;4(1–2):17–26.
Virseda Rodriguez JA, et al. Primary retroperitoneal tumors: review of our 10-year case series. Arch Esp Urol. 2010;63(1):13–22.
von Mehren M, et al. Soft tissue sarcoma, version 2.2014. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw JNCCN. 2014;12(4):473–83.
Zlotecki RA, et al. Adjuvant radiation therapy for resectable retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma: the University of Florida experience. Am J Clin Oncol. 2005;28(3):310–6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Füllhase, C., Harke, N., Niedworok, C., Protzel, C., Hakenberg, O.W. (2018). Retroperitoneal Tumors in Adults. In: Merseburger, A., Burger, M. (eds) Urologic Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_42-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_42-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42603-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42603-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine