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Investigating Interactions Between Nanoparticles and Cells: Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking

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Polymer Nanoparticles for Nanomedicines

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Abstract

Nanoparticles used as drug nanocarriers offer unique possibilities to overcome cellular barriers in order to improve the delivery of various molecules, including biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids or proteins. Depending on nanoparticle characteristics and the type of cells considered, various mechanisms of internalization may occur, as well as subsequent intracellular trafficking pathways. Understanding these pathways may have important pharmacological implications. This chapter will review the main nanoparticle internalization and trafficking mechanisms and their experimental characterizations, allowing to understand how they are affected by nanoparticle physicochemical properties. The phagocytosis pathway will first be described, being increasingly well characterized and understood, which has allowed several successes in the treatment of some cancers and infectious diseases. In contrast, other non-phagocytic pathways encompass various complex mechanisms, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Although more challenging to control for pharmaceutical drug delivery applications, they are actively investigated in order to tailor nanocarriers able to deliver anticancer agents, nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides for therapeutic applications.

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  1. Institut Galien Paris Sud, Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 5 Rue J.B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France

    Hervé Hillaireau

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  1. Institut Galien Paris Sud, Faculty of Pharmacy, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France

    Christine Vauthier

  2. Institut Galien Paris Sud, Faculty of Pharmacy, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France

    Gilles Ponchel

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Hillaireau, H. (2016). Investigating Interactions Between Nanoparticles and Cells: Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking. In: Vauthier, C., Ponchel, G. (eds) Polymer Nanoparticles for Nanomedicines. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41421-8_10

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