Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bleeding Hemorrhoids

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gastrointestinal Bleeding

  • 1055 Accesses

Abstract

Symptomatic hemorrhoid disease is prevalent and can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life. Management options for bleeding hemorrhoid disease are diverse, ranging from conservative measures to a variety of office and operating room procedures, depending on severity. In this review, the authors discuss the diagnosis and management of bleeding hemorrhoids.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Everhart JE, Ruhl CE. Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part I: overall and upper gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(2):376–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A. The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation. An epidemiologic study. Gastroenterology. 1990;98(2):380–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Shafik A. Surgical anatomy of hemorrhoids. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids. New York: Springer; 2009. p. 7–13.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Banov Jr L, Knoepp Jr LF, Erdman LH, Alia RT. Management of hemorrhoidal disease. J S C Med Assoc. 1985;81(7):398–401.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Alonso-Coello P, Mills E, Heels-Ansdell D, Lopez-Yarto M, Zhou Q, Johanson JF, et al. Fiber for the treatment of hemorrhoids complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(1):181–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Tjandra JJ, Tan JJ, Lim JF, Murray-Green C, Kennedy ML, Lubowski DZ. Rectogesic (glyceryl trinitrate 0.2%) ointment relieves symptoms of haemorrhoids associated with high resting anal canal pressures. Colorectal Dis. 2007;9(5):457–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sneider EB, Maykel JA. Diagnosis and management of symptomatic hemorrhoids. Surg Clin North Am. 2010;90(1):17–32. Table of Contents.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Moesgaard F, Nielsen ML, Hansen JB, Knudsen JT. High-fiber diet reduces bleeding and pain in patients with hemorrhoids: a double-blind trial of Vi-Siblin. Dis Colon Rectum. 1982;25(5):454–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Iyer VS, Shrier I, Gordon PH. Long-term outcome of rubber band ligation for symptomatic primary and recurrent internal hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47(8):1364–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Buchmann P, Seefeld U. Rubber band ligation for piles can be disastrous in HIV-positive patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1989;4(1):57–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Law WL, Chu KW. Triple rubber band ligation for hemorrhoids: prospective, randomized trial of use of local anesthetic injection. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42(3):363–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Liu J, Petersen BT, Tierney WM, Chuttani R, DiSario JA, Coffie JM, et al. Endoscopic banding devices. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(2):217–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Jacobs D. Clinical practice. Hemorrhoids N Engl J Med. 2014;371(10):944–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nelson RS, Ewing BM, Ternent C, Shashidharan M, Blatchford GJ, Thorson AG. Risk of late bleeding following hemorrhoidal banding in patients on antithrombotic prophylaxis. Am J Surg. 2008;196(6):994–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. MacRae HM, McLeod RS. Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatment modalities. A meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38(7):687–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Su MY, Chiu CT, Wu CS, Ho YP, Lien JM, Tung SY, et al. Endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation of symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;58(6):871–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Barwell J, Watkins RM, Lloyd-Davies E, Wilkins DC. Life-threatening retroperitoneal sepsis after hemorrhoid injection sclerotherapy: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42(3):421–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Johanson JF, Rimm A. Optimal nonsurgical treatment of hemorrhoids: a comparative analysis of infrared coagulation, rubber band ligation, and injection sclerotherapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87(11):1600–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Piskun G, Tucker R. New bipolar tissue ligator combines constant tissue compression and temperature guidance: histologic study and implications for treatment of hemorrhoids. Med Devices (Auckl). 2012;5:89–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kantsevoy SV, Bitner M. Nonsurgical treatment of actively bleeding internal hemorrhoids with a novel endoscopic device (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(4):649–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Milligan E, Morgan CN, Jones L, Officer R. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal, and the operative treatment of haemorrhoids. Lancet. 1937;230(5959):1119–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ferguson JA, Heaton JR. Closed hemorrhoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 1959;2(2):176–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Reis Neto JA, Quilici FA, Cordeiro F, Reis Junior JA. Open versus semi-open hemorrhoidectomy: a random trial. Int Surg. 1992;77(2):84–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Wesarachawit W, Pattana-arun J. Antibiotics and early post operative complications of closed hemorrhoidectomy: a retrospective matched pair study. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007;90(9):1828–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Anannamcharoen S, Cheeranont P, Boonya-usadon C. Local perianal nerve block versus spinal block for closed hemorrhoidectomy: a ramdomized controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91(12):1862–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bleday R, Pena JP, Rothenberger DA, Goldberg SM, Buls JG. Symptomatic hemorrhoids: current incidence and complications of operative therapy. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35(5):477–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hoff SD, Bailey HR, Butts DR, Max E, Smith KW, Zamora LF, et al. Ambulatory surgical hemorrhoidectomy--a solution to postoperative urinary retention? Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37(12):1242–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Gravie JF, Lehur PA, Huten N, Papillon M, Fantoli M, Descottes B, et al. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy versus Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy: a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial with 2-year postoperative follow up. Ann Surg. 2005;242(1):29–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Longo A, editor Treatment of hemorrhoids disease by reduction of mucosa and hemorrhoidal prolapse with a circular stapler suturing device: a new procedure. Proceeding of the 6th world Congress of Endoscopic Surgery; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nystrom PO, Qvist N, Raahave D, Lindsey I, Mortensen N. Randomized clinical trial of symptom control after stapled anopexy or diathermy excision for haemorrhoid prolapse. Br J Surg. 2010;97(2):167–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Giordano P, Gravante G, Sorge R, Ovens L, Nastro P. Long-term outcomes of stapled hemorrhoidopexy vs conventional hemorrhoidectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg. 2009;144(3):266–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Jayaraman S, Colquhoun PH, Malthaner RA. Stapled versus conventional surgery for hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:Cd005393.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Nisar PJ, Acheson AG, Neal KR, Scholefield JH. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy compared with conventional hemorrhoidectomy: systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47(11):1837–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Morinaga K, Hasuda K, Ikeda T. A novel therapy for internal hemorrhoids: ligation of the hemorrhoidal artery with a newly devised instrument (Moricorn) in conjunction with a Doppler flowmeter. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90(4):610–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Pucher PH, Sodergren MH, Lord AC, Darzi A, Ziprin P. Clinical outcome following Doppler-guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2013;15(6):e284–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Walega P, Romaniszyn M, Kenig J, Herman R, Nowak W. Doppler-guided hemorrhoid artery ligation with recto-anal-repair modification: functional evaluation and safety assessment of a new minimally invasive method of treatment of advanced hemorrhoidal disease. Scientific World Journal. 2012;2012:324040.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

None

Conflict of Interest: None

Source of funding: None

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Zhifei Sun M.D. & Julie K. M. Thacker M.D.

  2. Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Mohamed A. Adam M.D.

  3. Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Julie K. M. Thacker M.D.

Authors
  1. Zhifei Sun M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohamed A. Adam M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Julie K. M. Thacker M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julie K. M. Thacker M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA

    Aurora D. Pryor

  2. Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Theodore N. Pappas

  3. Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    M. Stanley Branch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sun, Z., Adam, M.A., Thacker, J.K.M. (2016). Bleeding Hemorrhoids. In: Pryor, A., Pappas, T., Branch, M. (eds) Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40646-6_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40646-6_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40644-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40646-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation